Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Interpersonal Abuse > Child Physical Abuse > Flashcards

Child Physical Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

The definition of physical abuse includes 2 standards

A

Harm standard

Endangerment standard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Harm standard

A

Observable injuries that last at least 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the 48 hours all about?

A

to deal with situations of overreaction
in
an effort to sift through situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

parents frequently must use physical force to prevent a child from doing something stupid

A

Protective physical restraint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endangerment standard

A

No observable injuries but deemed substantially at risk for injury or endangerment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Violence – defined by most researchers as

A

an act carried out intentionally – non-accidentally –
to
cause physical pain or injury to another person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Physical punishment and parenting (3)

NO idea what the point of this slide is

A
  • “Normal” violence – slapping, pushing, spanking
  • Appropriate for parents to use as part of parenting.
  • Majority of population support this type of violence against children.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who said – spanking harmful for two reasons?

A

Murray Straus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spanking harmful for two reasons?

A
  • Legitimates violence (authority figures are in essence condoning the use of violence as a way of dealing with frustration or settling disputes)
  • Implicit message of acceptance of this form of violence contributes to violence. (violence in one sphere of life tends to engender violence in other spheres)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spanking positively correlated with … (3)

OCA

A

other forms of family violence
crime outside the home
antisocial behaviours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a punisher?

A

an event that decreases responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A punisher is an event that decreases responses. Why isn’t it helpful when teaching kids.

A

it cannot teach desirable new behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 rules re. punishment wrought of animal research

AMP TT

A
  • A punishment is not the opposite of reward (reinforcement)
  • Mildly punished behaviour will recover
  • Punishment that builds up gradually in intensity is ineffective
  • To be more effective, punishment must be delivered immediately after the unwanted response
  • To be more effective, it must be delivered consistently after every response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 reasons why punishment may be counterproductive?

DDT PS

A

• Does not help children learn why what they did was wrong or what they could do instead of punished behaviour
• Demonstrates using force to control others (modelling)
• Teaches nothing about morality
*
• Pain may prevent learning the lesson it was supposed to teach
• Since parents love their children, may increase child’s belief that love/violence are linked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurobiological effects of punishment?

A

reduced volumes of gray matter in three brain – regions (correlational)
harsh punishment has adverse effects on brain development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe Impulsive corporal punishment (3)

A
  • Parents lash out in anger
  • No forethought
  • No control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Legal perspectives – describe definitions of child abuse (2)

A
  • Definitions are different than conceptual definitions.

* Not uniform across jurisdictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Legal definitions are different than conceptual definitions.
They are not uniform across all jurisdictions.
What does this cause?

A

problems when gathering statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristics of Victims
*
Age

A

risk decreases with child’s increasing age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
Characteristics of Victims
*
Describe adolescents (3)
*
Roberta (1)
A

• Receive little attention by researchers.
• Seen as complicit in assaults (b/c of their behaviour, size and strength)
• Appear less physically vulnerable
*
If parents stop hitting due to the kid gaining some size, it doesn’t mean the abuse stopped, it may just look different.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
Characteristics of Victims
*
Gender 
*
Stats Canada
A

Gender – boys slightly higher risk
*
Stats Canada – girls under 18 at higher risk than boys for assault by a family member.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Highest rates for boys?

A

between infancy and 11 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Highest rates for girls?

A

between 12 and 17 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Socioeconomic status (2)

A
  • Higher rates in lower income and socially disadvantaged families.
  • Lower income related to more severe abuse.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The greater risk for single parents to abuse their children is not a function of poor parenting or parenting alone, but more related to…?

A

the high rates of poverty and stress in these homes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Incidence/prevalence – 2 ways this is estimated?

A

1) gov’t agencies based on reported cases to law enforcement and social service agencies
2) self-reports from victims or perps gathered from survey research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Impediments to reporting

A

Medical doctors may not recognize
May decide to delay or not report
Other mandated reporters may decide not to report
General public may not report for reasons such as lack of certainty

28
Q

Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Characteristics of Adults who Physically Abuse Children
*
(4) BIB Difficulties

A

Biological factors
Interpersonal and family difficulties
Behavioural and emotional difficulties
Difficulties parenting

29
Q

Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Characteristics of Adults who Physically Abuse Children
*
Biological factors
PDP

A

Physical health problems
Disabilities
Physiological overreactivity

30
Q

Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Characteristics of Adults who Physically Abuse Children
*
Interpersonal and family difficulties
SHI

A

Spouse tension/abuse/disagreement
Hx of abuse in childhood
Isolation from friends & community

31
Q

Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Characteristics of Adults who Physically Abuse Children
*
Behavioural and emotional difficulties
LAD

A

Low self-esteem
Anxiety
Depression

32
Q

Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Characteristics of Adults who Physically Abuse Children
*
Difficulties parenting
DUD

A

Disregard for child’s needs/abilities
Unrealistic expectations of children
Deficits in child mgmt skills

33
Q

Associated consequences

Research findings are correlational – one cannot necessarily assume that CPA is the cause of the various problems observed in victims.

A 
Children more likely to exhibit 
physical
emotional 
behavioural
impairments.
34
Q

Associated consequences

Research findings are?
Meaning?

A

Correlational
*
one cannot necessarily assume that CPA is the cause of the various problems observed in victims.

35
Q 
Medical and neurobiological problems
*
May be minor injuries through to permanent disabilities or death
*
Most dangerous type of injury?
Example?
A

Head injuries

Shaken baby syndrome

36
Q

Three types of problems the kids can develop? (4)

A

cognitive
behavioural
Socioemotional difficulties
psychiatric

37
Q 
Cognitive problems
*
Exhibit lower intellectual and cognitive functioning.
*
Lower functioning in?
(just name some)
A 
memory
verbal language
communication skills
problem-solving skills
perceptual-motor skills
38
Q

Cognitive problems
*
In school?

A

Lower academic performance.

39
Q

Cognitive problems
*
Lower cognitive functioning may be related to

A

direct injury
environmental factors
a combination of both

40
Q

Cognitive problems
*
Lower cognitive functioning may be related to direct injury, environmental factors or a combination of both. Environmental factors include…?

A

Lack of stimulation or communication between parents and the child.

41
Q

Behavioural problems

DAD PAN

A 
Drinking/drug use
Antisocial behaviour
Defiance
Physical aggression
Arrests
Noncompliance
42
Q 
Socioemotional difficulties
I
A
- i
- d
A

Internalizing behaviour symptoms
Attachment related difficulties
• insecure attachment to caregiver
• disorganized attachment

43
Q 
Socioemotional difficulties
*
Attachment related difficulties
*
Describe insecure attachment to caregiver.
A

Increased avoidance of and resistance to the parent.

44
Q 
Socioemotional difficulties
*
Attachment related difficulties
*
Describe disorganized attachment.
A

the parent child relationship presents as irresolvable because the parent is both the person who is supposed to protect the child but is also the source of danger and harm to the child.

45
Q 
Socioemotional difficulties
*
These children also have trouble with...? 
They find it hard to...?
Don’t show...?
A

peer r’ships
make friends
the usual social responses such as smiling, eye contact, and trust

46
Q

Socioemotional difficulties
*
Physically abused children describe experiencing feelings of…?

A

hopelessness
depressive sx
low self-worth

47
Q

Psychiatric disorders

ADD BP

A 
• ADD/ADHD
• Depression
• Disruptive behaviour disorders 
– oppositional defiant disorder
– conduct disorder
• Borderline personality disorder
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
48
Q

Adolescents - research?

A

Less research attention

49
Q

Adolescents - how does physical abuse affect them?

BDV

A

Behaviour problems
Delinquency
Voilent interpersonal relationships.

50
Q

Describe some of the things that adolescents experience.

SSS ADH

A

Suicidal behaviour
Substance abuse
Self-esteem poor

Attention problems
Depressed school performance
High levels of daily stress.

51
Q

3 LT effects of child physical abuse

CSS

A

Criminal and violent behaviour
Substance abuse
Socioeconomic difficulties

52
Q

Explaining Child Abuse.
*
It consists of?

A

a complex set of interacting behaviours
influenced by
many different factors

53
Q

Explaining Child Abuse.
*
Research regarding child physical abuse is plagued by?

A

methodological problems

54
Q

Explaining Child Abuse.
*
Research is plagued by methodological problems. Say more.
RBSD

A

Most research is retrospective.
Stories are biased by the subjects’ perceptions so are not objective.
Samples sizes are small.
Definitions of what constitutes abuse are not consistent.

55
Q

Theories - RIPSS

A
  • Role of Child Behaviour Problems
  • Individual Pathology Model
  • Parent-Child Interaction
  • Social Learning Theory
  • Situational and Societal Conditions
56
Q 
Theories - RIPSS
*
Role of Child Behaviour Problems - describe
*
Roberta's take
A 
Children with certain characteristics
– mental disabilities
– aggressiveness
– have a psychiatric dx
are at increased risk for abuse
*
Children cannot be held responsible fore their own victimization.
57
Q

Theories - RIPSS
*
Individual Pathology Model

A

The abuser is mentally ill.

58
Q 
Theories - RIPSS
*
Individual Pathology Model
*
The abuser is mentally ill.
Adults who abuse children display...
A 
Specific nonpsychiatric psychological, behavioural and physiological characteristics 
SUCH AS
parenting difficulties
anger control problems
depression
substance abuse.
59
Q

Theories - RIPSS
*
Parent-Child Interaction

A 
Difficult child behaviours 
interact with 
specific parental behaviours 
to result in physical abuse.
TWO SETS OF BEHAVIOURS THAT CLASH
60
Q

Theories - RIPSS
*
Social Learning Theory (2)

A
  • Adults who were abused as children become abusive to their children.
  • Missed the opportunity to learn appropriate and nurturing parent-child behaviours.
61
Q

Theories - RIPSS
*
Situational and Societal Conditions (3)

A

Economic disadvantage

Social isolation
– lack of extended family or peer support network

Cultural approval of child physical abuse
– pervasiveness of violence in society, war, acceptance of weapons, acceptance of corporal punishment

62
Q

Contemporary Theories (2)

A 
Process theories (stress and coping)
Transactional Theories
63
Q

Contemporary Theories
*
Process theories (stress and coping)

A

physically abusive behaviour by a parent results from a sequence of events that includes the parent’s perceptions of stressful events as well as his or her ability to cope with stressful events

64
Q

Contemporary Theories
*
Transactional Theories

A

are unique in that they not only describe various factors that might contribute to CPA,
*
they emphasize the role of the interaction of these factors in the etiology of child maltreatment

65
Q 
Interventions
Abusive adults (3) CAP
*
Children (3)
*
Family (1)
A 
Anger management
Parenting skills training
Cognitive-behavioural approaches
*
Individual, group, play therapy
*
Little research

Interpersonal Abuse (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions