child language - phonology Flashcards
what is babbling and when does it happen?
a child creates combinations of vowels and consonants, e.g. ‘da ga, wa’. Sometimes this can resemble adults speech. (6-9 months)
what are consonant clusters?
groups of consonants (e.g. ‘str’ or ‘gl’ that demand more muscular control than single consonant or vowels, so tend to appear later in the baby’s utterances.
what is cooing?
sounds that babies make like ‘goo’, around the age of 6-8 weeks. It is believed that during this period a child is discovering their vocal cords.
what is phonemic contraction?
the sounds a child can make are reduced to that they can only make the sounds of their own language. (After 9 months)
what is phonemic expansion?
the amount of sounds a baby produces increases – as the voice box and muscular control develops. Babies at this point produce sounds from all different languages. (6-9 months)
what are protowords
clusters of sounds that represent the baby’s attempt to articulate specific words when their motor coordination is still in the early stages of development. (9-12 months)
what is Reduplicated monosyllable?
the repetition of a sound, such as ‘ba’.
what is the vegetative state?
0-2 months. The baby has very few ways of communicating; crying has evolved as the way that babies express their needs (an internal stimuli such as hunger)
what is a monophthong?
a vowel that has a single perceived auditory quality – sometimes known as a ‘pure vowel’.
what is a diphthong?
a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another (as in coin, loud, and side ).
what is a vowel?
a speech sound which is produced by comparatively open configuration of the vocal tract
what is a consonant?
a basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable.
what is assimilation?
A sound that occurs elsewhere in the word is borrowed (e.g. “gog” for “dog”)
what is deletion?
the removal of a phoneme: Of final consonants (“ca” for “cat”), Of unstressed syllables (“nana” for “banana”), Consonant clusters are simplified (“leep” for “sleep”)
what is substitution?
A harder sound is replaced with an easier one. This is often a feature of the child’s pronunciation across many words (e.g. “dat” “dere” “dis”)
