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AQA A-Level English Language Year 2 > Child Langauge theories > Flashcards

Child Langauge theories Flashcards

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1
Q

What theory is Skinner?

A

Behaviourism

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2
Q

What did Skinner find

A

Trial and error
imitation
operant conditioning

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3
Q

What theory is Chomsky?

A

Nativist

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4
Q

What did Chomsky say?

A

that it is an innate ability to learn grammar

overgeneralisations/ virtuous errors

LAD - language acquisition device

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5
Q

What theory is Bruner

A

Social interactionist

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6
Q

What did Bruner say?

A

LASS - language acquisition support system

interrogatives and social interaction

using caregiver language to communicate with children

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7
Q

What theory is Piaget !

A

cognitive

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8
Q

What did Piaget say?

A

understanding comes before application

Vygotsky- more knowledgable other influences

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9
Q

What four stages did Piaget come up with?

A

sensorimotor , preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations

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10
Q

what is the sensorimotor stage?

A

from 0-2 years

experiences through senses and movement

object permanence (understands objects exists outside field of vision)

goal- directed behaviour - understands actions can cause an effect

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11
Q

what is the preoperational stage

A

2-7 years

egocentric

engaged in collective monolouges (speaking time themselves)

role play

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12
Q

what is the concrete operations stage?

A

7-11 years

child more mature- more logic

egocentrism begins to disappear

classification

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13
Q

what is the formal operations stage?

A

12+ years

begins to think abstractly

reasons about hypothetical problems

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14
Q

What did Rescorla find?

A

researched over extensions

three categories :

categorical

analogically

statement

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15
Q

What are the four stages of development?

A

holophrastic

two-word

telegraphic

post-telegraphic

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16
Q

What is the holophrastic stage in the stages of development?

A

12-18 months

one word, usually nouns , which are called holophrases/ operators

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17
Q

What is the two word stage of the stages of development?

A

the beginnings of syntactical development

pivot words, e.g. more, other, all, all gone

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18
Q

what is the telegraphic stage of the stages of development?

A

27-42 months

-two - three words “give me toy”

elliptical/minor sentences

content words are used

function words emitted

supports nativist theory

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19
Q

what is the post-telegraphic stage of the stages of development?

A

more syntax awareness

functional words

sentences longer

formulated requests using modal verbs

fewer overgeneralisations

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20
Q

what are the 7 functions of Halliday’s taxonomy of language?

A 
instrumental 
regulatory 
interactional
Personal
heuristic 
imaginative 
representational
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21
Q

what is hallidays instrumental function?

A

express needs

eg “want juice”

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22
Q

what is hallidays regulatory function?

A

language used to influence the behaviour of others

eg “go away”

23
Q

what is hallidays interactional function?

A

used to make contact with others, concerned with the phatic dimension of talk

eg “love you mummy”

24
Q

What is Halliday’s personal function?

A

Used to express feelings/ opinions/ individual identity

25
Q

What is Halliday’s heuristic function?

A

language used to explore and gain knowledge about the environment

26
Q

What is Halliday’s imaginative function?

A

tell stories and jokes

27
Q

What is Halliday’s representational function?

A

language used to convey facts and information

28
Q

What did Katherine Nelson say?

A

She found children’s first 50 words

60% contained nouns, then verbs, then modifiers, then personal: social words

29
Q

What did Roger Brown say?

A

Two word utterances to talk about objects, indicating location, actions performed by people and objects and the location of the actions

30
Q

What is an agent

A

a subject/ doer

31
Q

What is an action?

A

a verb

32
Q

What is an demonstrative?

A

that/ those/ these

33
Q

What is an entity?

A

object/ thing

34
Q

what is a nomination?

A

labelling people

35
Q

what is a recurrence?

A

a repetition of events

36
Q

what is an attribute?

A

an adjective

37
Q

what is a negation?

A

to express denial

38
Q

what is a location?

A

where soemthing is

39
Q

what is a possessor?

A

ownership

40
Q

How is Giles accommodation theory relevant to child language?

A

When a caregiver converges their speech patterns towards a child (convergence)

child directed speech, using simpler lexis

41
Q

What did Bleile say?

A

children often substitute fro stove and affirmative consonants for easier sounds

42
Q

What are Bellugis 3 stages of negative forms? (negations)

A

stage 1- “no read book”, two word- telegraphic stage

stage 2- “i no read book” , telegraphic stage

stage 3 -“i do not want to read” , post telegraphic stage

43
Q

What did David Crystal say?

A

children use pragmatic devices to say no and will use words like “maybe” to portray a negative response

44
Q

What are Bellugis 3 pronoun stages?

A

stage one- “Hannah play” uses own name , two word stage

stage two- “me play that”, two word- telegraphic stage

stage three- “i play with the doll”, post- telegraphic stage

45
Q

Bowerman (spoken and written)

A

verbal overgeneralisations or adjective experimentation most commonly occur once children have developed a fairly large vocabulary,

test the limits of these regularities

46
Q

Clark (written and spoken)

A

spatial adjective are challenging because of their relative qualities

47
Q

what did berko and brown say?

A

children are aware of many different phonemes before they are able to produce themselves

expect adults to say the sound standardly

48
Q

What did Rescorla find?

A

that most overextensions are categorical

49
Q

Aitchinson

A

Lexical developement, with 3 stages

50
Q

What is the first stage of lexical development?

A

Labelling- child identifies objects and people

51
Q

What is the second stage of lexical development?

A

Packaging- starting to explore the extent of a label.

Over and underextensions occur most frequently at this stage.

52
Q

What is the third stage of lexical development?

A

Network building- invloves grasping the connections between words

understands some words are opposites

acknowledges the relationship between hypernymns and hyponyms.

53
Q

What did Vygotsky say about sociodramatic play?

A

linked it to both cognitive and social development.

observed how children role play adult behaviours as part of exploring their environment.

54
Q

What did Catherine Garvey say?

A

that children adopt roles/ identites, act out storylines and invent objects and settings as required in a role-play scenario.

AQA A-Level English Language Year 2 (4 decks)

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