Child Langauge theories Flashcards
What theory is Skinner?
Behaviourism
What did Skinner find
Trial and error
imitation
operant conditioning
What theory is Chomsky?
Nativist
What did Chomsky say?
that it is an innate ability to learn grammar
overgeneralisations/ virtuous errors
LAD - language acquisition device
What theory is Bruner
Social interactionist
What did Bruner say?
LASS - language acquisition support system
interrogatives and social interaction
using caregiver language to communicate with children
What theory is Piaget !
cognitive
What did Piaget say?
understanding comes before application
Vygotsky- more knowledgable other influences
What four stages did Piaget come up with?
sensorimotor , preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations
what is the sensorimotor stage?
from 0-2 years
experiences through senses and movement
object permanence (understands objects exists outside field of vision)
goal- directed behaviour - understands actions can cause an effect
what is the preoperational stage
2-7 years
egocentric
engaged in collective monolouges (speaking time themselves)
role play
what is the concrete operations stage?
7-11 years
child more mature- more logic
egocentrism begins to disappear
classification
what is the formal operations stage?
12+ years
begins to think abstractly
reasons about hypothetical problems
What did Rescorla find?
researched over extensions
three categories :
categorical
analogically
statement
What are the four stages of development?
holophrastic
two-word
telegraphic
post-telegraphic
What is the holophrastic stage in the stages of development?
12-18 months
one word, usually nouns , which are called holophrases/ operators
What is the two word stage of the stages of development?
the beginnings of syntactical development
pivot words, e.g. more, other, all, all gone
what is the telegraphic stage of the stages of development?
27-42 months
-two - three words “give me toy”
elliptical/minor sentences
content words are used
function words emitted
supports nativist theory
what is the post-telegraphic stage of the stages of development?
more syntax awareness
functional words
sentences longer
formulated requests using modal verbs
fewer overgeneralisations
what are the 7 functions of Halliday’s taxonomy of language?
instrumental regulatory interactional Personal heuristic imaginative representational
what is hallidays instrumental function?
express needs
eg “want juice”
what is hallidays regulatory function?
language used to influence the behaviour of others
eg “go away”
what is hallidays interactional function?
used to make contact with others, concerned with the phatic dimension of talk
eg “love you mummy”
What is Halliday’s personal function?
Used to express feelings/ opinions/ individual identity
What is Halliday’s heuristic function?
language used to explore and gain knowledge about the environment
What is Halliday’s imaginative function?
tell stories and jokes
What is Halliday’s representational function?
language used to convey facts and information
What did Katherine Nelson say?
She found children’s first 50 words
60% contained nouns, then verbs, then modifiers, then personal: social words
What did Roger Brown say?
Two word utterances to talk about objects, indicating location, actions performed by people and objects and the location of the actions
What is an agent
a subject/ doer
What is an action?
a verb
What is an demonstrative?
that/ those/ these
What is an entity?
object/ thing
what is a nomination?
labelling people
what is a recurrence?
a repetition of events
what is an attribute?
an adjective
what is a negation?
to express denial
what is a location?
where soemthing is
what is a possessor?
ownership
How is Giles accommodation theory relevant to child language?
When a caregiver converges their speech patterns towards a child (convergence)
child directed speech, using simpler lexis
What did Bleile say?
children often substitute fro stove and affirmative consonants for easier sounds
What are Bellugis 3 stages of negative forms? (negations)
stage 1- “no read book”, two word- telegraphic stage
stage 2- “i no read book” , telegraphic stage
stage 3 -“i do not want to read” , post telegraphic stage
What did David Crystal say?
children use pragmatic devices to say no and will use words like “maybe” to portray a negative response
What are Bellugis 3 pronoun stages?
stage one- “Hannah play” uses own name , two word stage
stage two- “me play that”, two word- telegraphic stage
stage three- “i play with the doll”, post- telegraphic stage
Bowerman (spoken and written)
verbal overgeneralisations or adjective experimentation most commonly occur once children have developed a fairly large vocabulary,
test the limits of these regularities
Clark (written and spoken)
spatial adjective are challenging because of their relative qualities
what did berko and brown say?
children are aware of many different phonemes before they are able to produce themselves
expect adults to say the sound standardly
What did Rescorla find?
that most overextensions are categorical
Aitchinson
Lexical developement, with 3 stages
What is the first stage of lexical development?
Labelling- child identifies objects and people
What is the second stage of lexical development?
Packaging- starting to explore the extent of a label.
Over and underextensions occur most frequently at this stage.
What is the third stage of lexical development?
Network building- invloves grasping the connections between words
understands some words are opposites
acknowledges the relationship between hypernymns and hyponyms.
What did Vygotsky say about sociodramatic play?
linked it to both cognitive and social development.
observed how children role play adult behaviours as part of exploring their environment.
What did Catherine Garvey say?
that children adopt roles/ identites, act out storylines and invent objects and settings as required in a role-play scenario.
