Child Health and Individual Development

Question 1

what are the four developmental tasks of infancy ?

Answer 1

1. Learn to walk
2. Learn to talk
3. Control bladder and bowel
4. Eat a variety of foods

Question 2

Developmental task of infancy - Learn to walk

Answer 2

after bones occupy and muscles strengthen and the central nervous system matures. The infant begins to control the head, roll over, sit, crawl, creep, take a step, and then finally walk.

Question 3

Developmental task of infancy - Learning to talk

Answer 3

a genetically inherited ability.

• first words are learnt through imitation
• babbling sounds become recognisable as words
• positive renforcement encourages repetition
• vocabulary increases, encouraged by parental interaction such as books

Question 4

Developmental task of infancy - control bladder and bowel

Answer 4

as muscles and brain matures, the ability to recognise signals and the muscles o control sensations develop.

Question 5

Developmental task of infancy - eat a variety of foods

Answer 5

• breastmilk is ideal for newborns as in the first week of life breast secretion provides antibodies which can help the infant to develop immunity to some diseases.
• 3 to 6 months, disappearance of extrusion reflex
• 6 to 8 months, introduction of solid foods and are added gradually. Cereal is usually the first solid food as it is enriched with iron.

Question 6

What are the six infancy reflexes ?

Answer 6

1. rooting reflex
2. sucking reflex
3. startle reflex
4. walking reflex
5. stepping reflex
6. grasping reflex

Question 7

rooting reflex

Answer 7

if either cheek is stroked the baby will turn their head in the direction of the touch. Helps with breastfeeding

Question 8

sucking reflex

Answer 8

automatically will suck on something when an object is placed in their mouth. Enables them to obtain food through breastfeeding

Question 9

startle reflex

Answer 9

if the infant loses support of head or neck it will throw its arms and legs outwards and fingers will curl up

Question 10

walking reflex

Answer 10

if the infant is placed on a flat surface it will move their feet in a walking motion even though they can not sufficiently support themselves to walk yet

Question 11

stepping reflex

Answer 11

if a new born infant is held with one leg in contact with an object it will automatically lift the other foot

Question 12

grasping reflex

Answer 12

an infant will grab onto anything placed in the palm of its hand

Question 13

what are the dimensions of health

Answer 13

1. physical
2. mental
3. social

Question 14

Physical health

Answer 14

refers to the current condition of the body and its systems. Most aspects are measurable. Examples include : blood cholesterol levels, absence or presence of illness, and the functioning of systems

Question 15

Mental Health

Answer 15

State of wellbeing in which the individual realises their abilities can cope with the normal stress of everyday life. examples include: self esteem, confidence

Question 16

Social Health

Answer 16

refers to the interactions and quality of interactions. Examples include: good network of friends and family, that are supportive and understanding

Question 17

What are the five principles of development

Answer 17

1. development occurs in a predictable and orderly way
2. development is continual
3. there are individual variations on the role and timing of development
4. development follows predictable patterns
5. development proceeds from simple to complex

Question 18

PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - development occurs in a predictable and orderly way

Answer 18

aspects of development in predictable subsequent patterns, enabling the prediction of milestones such as walking

Question 19

PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - development is continual

Answer 19

begins at conception and ends at death. Foundations are laid and built upon as milestones occur. The decline in body systems occurs, indicating humans never stop developing

Question 20

PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - there are individual variations in the rate and timing of development

Answer 20

there are many factors which influence development such as : hormone, genetics, family interaction, nutrition

Question 21

PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - development follows predictable patterns

Answer 21

growth and motor skill development follows patterns that are observable in all people. The cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns are evident during: prenatal,infancy and childhood.

Question 22

PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - development proceeds from simple to complex

Answer 22

motor skills develop from simple to complex, Once simple is attained they are built upon.