Child Health and Individual Development Flashcards
what are the four developmental tasks of infancy ?
- Learn to walk
- Learn to talk
- Control bladder and bowel
- Eat a variety of foods
Developmental task of infancy - Learn to walk
after bones occupy and muscles strengthen and the central nervous system matures. The infant begins to control the head, roll over, sit, crawl, creep, take a step, and then finally walk.
Developmental task of infancy - Learning to talk
a genetically inherited ability.
- first words are learnt through imitation
- babbling sounds become recognisable as words
- positive renforcement encourages repetition
- vocabulary increases, encouraged by parental interaction such as books
Developmental task of infancy - control bladder and bowel
as muscles and brain matures, the ability to recognise signals and the muscles o control sensations develop.
Developmental task of infancy - eat a variety of foods
- breastmilk is ideal for newborns as in the first week of life breast secretion provides antibodies which can help the infant to develop immunity to some diseases.
- 3 to 6 months, disappearance of extrusion reflex
- 6 to 8 months, introduction of solid foods and are added gradually. Cereal is usually the first solid food as it is enriched with iron.
What are the six infancy reflexes ?
- rooting reflex
- sucking reflex
- startle reflex
- walking reflex
- stepping reflex
- grasping reflex
rooting reflex
if either cheek is stroked the baby will turn their head in the direction of the touch. Helps with breastfeeding
sucking reflex
automatically will suck on something when an object is placed in their mouth. Enables them to obtain food through breastfeeding
startle reflex
if the infant loses support of head or neck it will throw its arms and legs outwards and fingers will curl up
walking reflex
if the infant is placed on a flat surface it will move their feet in a walking motion even though they can not sufficiently support themselves to walk yet
stepping reflex
if a new born infant is held with one leg in contact with an object it will automatically lift the other foot
grasping reflex
an infant will grab onto anything placed in the palm of its hand
what are the dimensions of health
- physical
- mental
- social
Physical health
refers to the current condition of the body and its systems. Most aspects are measurable. Examples include : blood cholesterol levels, absence or presence of illness, and the functioning of systems
Mental Health
State of wellbeing in which the individual realises their abilities can cope with the normal stress of everyday life. examples include: self esteem, confidence
Social Health
refers to the interactions and quality of interactions. Examples include: good network of friends and family, that are supportive and understanding
What are the five principles of development
- development occurs in a predictable and orderly way
- development is continual
- there are individual variations on the role and timing of development
- development follows predictable patterns
- development proceeds from simple to complex
PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - development occurs in a predictable and orderly way
aspects of development in predictable subsequent patterns, enabling the prediction of milestones such as walking
PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - development is continual
begins at conception and ends at death. Foundations are laid and built upon as milestones occur. The decline in body systems occurs, indicating humans never stop developing
PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - there are individual variations in the rate and timing of development
there are many factors which influence development such as : hormone, genetics, family interaction, nutrition
PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - development follows predictable patterns
growth and motor skill development follows patterns that are observable in all people. The cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns are evident during: prenatal,infancy and childhood.
PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT - development proceeds from simple to complex
motor skills develop from simple to complex, Once simple is attained they are built upon.
