Child Health

Question 1

What rash with may you expect to see in a child presenting with coeliac disease?

Answer 1

Dermatitis herpatiformis

itchy blisters and erythematous skin lesions

Question 2

What is the significance of bile stained vomiting in a neonate

Answer 2

Potential bowel obstruction

Question 3

List risk factors associated with congenital heart disease

Answer 3

• Family hx
• maternal conditions such as diabetes type 1 and SLE
• Exposure to rubella in first trimester
• Some medications taken in pregnancy e.g. antiepileptics and psychotropics
• conditions such as Down’s, Noonan’s and Marfan’s

Question 4

In children presenting with DKA cerebral oedema is the leading cause of of death, what is the mechanism by which DKA causes cerebral oedema?

Answer 4

The high osmolar gradient caused by increased blood glucose results in water shifted from the intracellular fluid into the extracellular space and contraction of cell volume

Question 5

Typical X-ray features or respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 5

Ground glass opacity

Question 6

What sort of murmur is heard with a ventricular septal defect

Answer 6

loud harsh holosystolic murmur, heard at the lower left sternal sternal border

Question 7

What causes an ejection systolic murmur in Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 7

Pulmonic stenosis

Question 8

Discuss observable features of respiratory distress in children

Answer 8

• Tachypnoea
• Nostril flaring
• Grunting
• Use of accessory muscles
• Subcostal recession

Question 9

True or false Truncus arteriosus is a cyanotic form of congenital heart disease

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Clinical features of Neuroblastoma

Answer 10

• Periorbital bruising
• bone pain
• Blueberry muffin skin lesions
• Fatigue, weight loss nasea and vomiting
• hypertension

Question 11

Origin of neuroblastoma

Answer 11

• arises from neural crest cells of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system