Acute Care

Question 1

Discuss the effects of adrenaline of Beta 1 receptors

Answer 1

Positive chronotrophy and inotropy

Question 2

Discuss the effects of adrenaline of Beta 2 receptors

Answer 2

Bronchodilation

Vasodilation

Question 3

Discuss the principle action of adrenaline in cardiac arrest

Answer 3

Peripheral vasoconstriction in order to maintain central circulation and heart and brain perfusion

Question 4

Discuss the three principles of damage control resuscitation

Answer 4

• Haemostatic resuscitation
• Permissive hypotension
• Damage control surgery

Question 5

Discuss the features of the lethal triad in acute haemorrhage

Answer 5

coagulopathy
hypothermia
acidosis

Question 6

Explain how the combination of adrenaline and Beta blockers can lead severe hypertension

Answer 6

unopposed alpha- adrenergic action of vasoconstriction

Beta function of inotropy/chronotropy and vasodilation diminished by beta blockade

Question 7

Discuss the mechanism involved in tension pneumothorax

Answer 7

‘One-way valve’

Question 8

Describe the pathophysiology behind kussmal breathing

Answer 8

• A type of hyperventilation that is the lung’s emergency response to acidosis
• Kussmaul breathing causes a labored, deeper breathing rate, in order to blow off more CO2
• It is most commonly associated with conditions that cause metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetes.