Child development: early childhood Flashcards
Summarise development of the brain in embryo
Top becomes telencephalon around 6 weeks
8weeks- develop hemisphere
and cerebellum-will grow 4x after birth-gait (why babies dont walk)-if brain was large enough that early-wouldnt fir through pelvis
In adult-frontal
How are the spinal chord motor tracks arranged in adults
Sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical (from back to front at posterior horn)
In front horn-Vestibulocortical tract-balance, Anteriol coriticospinal, Reticulospinal-movement, olivospinal tract
What are the 4 domains of child development?
gross motor skills (running) , Fine motor skills (eyesight in there) Social skills (stranger interaction, etc), speech and language skills (vocalisationn/words)
What is the moro reflex?
If drop head of baby, they spread their limbs than grasp what is in front
very primitive, early reflex, dissapears after 3-4 months
how does limbs coordination change bewteen 3 and 6 months? and after?
Locomotor start developing around 6-8 months-grasp small items, being able to sit down
3 months- lack of coordination. moro reflex,
2 years-fine motor, speech, proper walking,
4.5 years-write, speak, kick, etc
What are some patterns of NORMAL development and abnormal?
there is a large median normal range for any development
Other more worrying patterns-slow but stead
platea
Regression-very worrying
What are 5 common problems peadiatrician see? common behaviours?
Delayed walker, -cerebellum
clumsy child, -cerebellum?
delayed speech and language, -brocka and Vernicke
odd social interaction,
hyperactivity-prefrontal cortex-dopamine pathway
Sleep onset/eating/toileting issues
Specific learning disabilities (number issues)
What are cerebral palsys? signs in kids?
Cerebral pasly described persistant movement/motorndisorder-usually caused by issue in developping brain
many causes-most often before birth (brain doesnt develop right, trauma)–eg: walking on tip toes because of extensor imbalance in brain
What are the 3 moments when developmental impairments can happen? Some exemples?
Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal
Folic acids, teratomas, syndromes, metabolic, envirvonemental,
-> evidence needed to be found in history
need to serperate bewteen a global delay (all 4 categories) or a specific one
What are some causes of motor delay?
Cerbral palsy
Global issues-downs
muscular dystriphy
some Causes of language delay?
hearing loss
learning disability
lack of stimulation
how can you identify issues in children?
parents usually know a lot-past medical history, find teratogens and others
Examinations of skills
Blood tests can find causes
general features like size and shape-can give good indication of health
Child development services–tons of people involved to indentify but also to take care of children with any form of issue
