Child development and children with special needs Flashcards
majority of brain development occurs under the age of
5
limit age of milestones =
the skill should have been acquired and is 2 SD from the mean
Which milestones are the most consistent?
social smile, sitting
What is developmental delay?
present when functional aspects of the child’s development in one or more … (motor, language, cognitive, social, emotional) are significantly … compared to the expected level for …’
present when functional aspects of the child’s development in one or more domains (motor, language, cognitive, social, emotional) are significantly delayed compared to the expected level for age’
What is global developmental delay?
when 2 or more domains are affected
Learning disability is
a significant impairment in intellectual functioning and affects the person’s ability to learn and problem-solve in their daily life. It has nearly always been present since childhood.
How does one assess development
History and examination Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal events Developmental milestones The ‘Red Book’ Environmental, social and family history Video recordings of child Observation in clinic / other settings
What is Developmental Disorder?
Abnormal progression and presentation eg Autism
What is Developmental regression?
Loss of milestones
Name 3 common genetic syndromes
Down syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
William’s Syndrome
Red flag signs: Positive
regarding development in general
Loss of developmental skills Concerns re vision Concerns re hearing Floppiness No speech by 18-24 months Asymmetry of movement Persistent toe walking Head circumference >99.6th C or < 0.4th C
3 Ts of breaking bad news
Tact
Timing
Tenderness
MDT try name some folk involved with developmental issues
Developmental paediatrician Speech and Language therapist OT/ PT: functional impairments and strengths Psychologist Social worker Geneticist
Common problems (developmental concerns) Motor
Delayed maturation
Cerebral palsy
Developmental coordination disorder
Common problems (developmental concerns) Sensory
Deafness
Visual impairment
Multisensory impairment
Common problems (developmental concerns) language/ Cognitive
Specific Language Impairment
Learning Disability
Common problems (developmental concerns) Social/ Communication
Autism
Asperger syndrome
Elective mutism
Effects of developmental issues on family
Emotional Social isolation Financial implications Implication for siblings Wider family
Age 18 months
Preterm birth at 27 weeks gestation, delivered early owing to maternal PIH, intubated at birth and received surfactant. Ventilated for 3 weeks.
Stormy neonatal course: RDS, Grade 3 IVH.PDA closed with medical management. Also sepsis and recieved TPN
Not sitting at 1 year, not weight bearing
Neonatal seizures resolved.
Oxygen dependency resolved by 1 year of age.
Parents report stiffness of both lower limbs.
Unable to sit or crawl but rolls over.
Smiling and babbling
Impression Spastic diplegia
Spastic diplegic Cerebral palsy
3 year old girl referred by health visitor with speech delay and behavioral problems
Pregnancy –Took fluoxetine. Spotting 8 weeks, scans normal
Term, SVD, Birth weight 3.96Kg,normal Apgar scores.
Development sitting by 1 year months,walking by 15 months
Poor eye contact and odd mannerisms such as hand flapping and walking on tip toes.
2 elder brothers 6 and 9 years-Normal
Exam Not dysmorphic, does not respond to name, reduced eye contact,5 words ,hand flapping and very unsettled in new enviornment.
Impression: Autistic Spectrum Condition.
categories for evaluating developmental problems
Is there a problem? Global or single field? Delay, Disorder or Regression Aetiology Co-ordination of care and support Problem based approach
What are Additional Support Needs?
additional support with their education.
can mean any kind of educational provision that is more than, or very different from, the education that is normally provided in mainstream schools
