Child Development Flashcards
What is development in a child
The changes of a child which encompasses growth, increase in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behaviour.
What are the 4 developmental domains
1) Gross motor and posture
2) Fine motor and vison
3) Language and hearing
4) Social, emotional and behaviours
What are the developmental milestones in fine motor and vision skills at: 6 weeks 3 months 6 months 9 months 12 months 18 months 2 years 3 years
6 weeks - fix and follow 3 months - holds an object 6 months - transfers from hand to hand 9 months - pincer grasp, bangs cubes together 12 months - block in cup 18 months - 2-4 cube tower 2 years - 6-7 cube tower 3 years - 9 cube tower
What are the developmental milestones in gross motor skills at: 6 weeks 3 months 6 months 9 months 12 months 18 months 2 years 3 years
6 weeks - head level with body
3 months - holds head at 90
6 months - no head lag, sits with support
9 months - crawls
12 months - stand alone briefly
18 months - walks and runs
2 years - kicks balls, climb stairs with 2 feet
3 years - stands on 1 foot, climb stairs with 1 foot
What are the developmental milestones in hearing, speech and language skills at: 6 weeks 3 months 6 months 9 months 12 months 18 months 2 years 3 years
6 weeks - still in response 3 months - turns to sound 6 months - vocalises 9 months - 2 syllable babble 12 months - 1 or 2 words 18 months - 6-12 words 2 years - joins 2-3 words 3 years - talks in short sentences
What are the developmental milestones in social, emotional and behavioural skills at: 6 weeks 3 months 6 months 9 months 12 months 18 months 2 years 3 years
6 weeks - smile 3 months - laugh, squeal 6 months - finger feed 9 months - waves bye, stranger anxiety 12 months - object permanence 18 months - use spoon 2 years - remove clothes 3 years - fork and spoon, toilet trained
What is abnormal development in childhood growth
slow acquisition of skills
Delay - there is a plateau or regression in the developmental milestones, meaning baby doesn’t reach the levels it should
what are the 3 main patterns of abnormal development
Slow but steady
Plateau (good progression which then stops)
Regression (loss of skills previously acquired)
Give an example of abnormal development/developmental delay
Folate deficiency - neural tube defect
Global developmental delay
Delay in talking due to stammering, hearing deficit, maturational delay, environmental factors.
Delay in walking due to maturation delay, severe learning disabilities, cerebral palsy.
Give examples of causes of global development delay
down’s syndrome Fetal alcohol syndrome Meningitis Trauma Cerebral palsy
What are the antenatal signs of developmental delay
Illnesses/ infections
Medications
Drugs
What are the signs of developmental delay at birth
Premature
Prolonged/ complicated labour
What are the postnatal signs of developmental delay
Illness/infections, Trauma Consanguinity- Developmental milestones delayed Growth parameters- height, weight and head circumference Dysmorphic features
Give examples of standardised tests in developmental screening
Schedule of Growing Skills (II)
Griffiths developmental scale
Bailey developmental scale
Denver developmental screening test
explain the clinical approach to a child with developmental delay
Paediatrician
Specialist health visitors
Speech and language therapists
Occupational therapists physiotherapists psychologist
What is the role of the MDT in child development
the many professionals who may be involved in the care of children with developmental problems
referral to members of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) would help identify problems and target input.
What is autism characterised by and at what year does it present and what gender is it more common in
marked difficulties in behaviour, social interaction, communicationand sensory sensitivities.
2-4 years
Boys>girls
What are the common features of autisms
1) impaired social interaction
(2) speech and language disorder
(3) imposition of routines with ritualistic and repetitive behaviour.
What does ADHD stand for
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD
(1) Inattention
(2) Hyperactivity
(3) Impulsivity
(4) Lasting > 6 months
(5) commencing < 7 years and inconsistent with the child’s developmental level
What are the risk factors for ADHD
Boys > girls ratio 4:1
Learning difficulties and developmental delay
