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731: Pediatrics > Child Development > Flashcards

Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

A full term fetus is considered __-__ weeks gestational age

A

38-40

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2
Q

Describe the difference between normal and typical

A

Normal is conformity with the established standards for humans

Typical is having the qualities of a particular group so completely as to be representative of that group

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3
Q

True or False

Lack of variability is a red flag

A

True

The less variable and more stereotypical a child’s movements are, the more likely that his or her development and movement are atypical

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4
Q

What are the 3 developmental theories?

A
  • maturational
  • behavioral
  • dynamic
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5
Q

_____ theories of development emphasize a normal developmental sequence that is common to all fetal, infant, and child mental and motor development.

A

Maturational

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6
Q

According to maturationists what is the major driving force of development?

A

the CNS

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7
Q

What can be defined as networks of nerve cells producing specific, rhythmic movements, without conscious effort and without the aid of peripheral afferent feedback?

A

central pattern generators

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8
Q

A premature infant is defined as one with a gestational age of less than __ weeks

A

38

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9
Q

How is a preterm infant’s adjusted age calculated?

A

subtract the gestational age (# of weeks in utero) from 40 weeks. Then subtract this from the child’s chronological age

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10
Q

When do age adjustments tend to stop?

A

At age 2

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11
Q

In regards to developmental direction, which comes first reflex or cortical control?

A

reflex

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12
Q

In regards to developmental direction, which comes first local or total control?

A

total (flailing before fine)

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13
Q

In regards to developmental direction, which comes first distal or proximal control?

A

proximal

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14
Q

In regards to developmental direction, which comes first medial or lateral control?

A

medial (ulnar before radial)

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15
Q

In regards to developmental direction, which comes first cephalic or caudal control?

A

cephalic (UE before LE)

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16
Q

When is there an exception to cephalocaudal development?

A

In premature infants, LE muscle tone developes before UE

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17
Q

Dominant muscle tone throughout the body develops in ____ muscles before ____ muscles

A

flexor before extensor

18
Q

The development of antigravity movements and control occurs first in _____ muscles prior to the development of the antagonistic _____ muscles

A

extensor prior to flexor

(able to extend neck in prone before flex neck in supine)

(able to get into POE before able to bring feet to mouth)

19
Q

The weight-bearing function of the extremities occurs on ____ extremities before weight bearing occurs on _____ limbs.

A

flexed

extended

20
Q

In regards to posture what is a major difference between a preterm neonate and a full-term neonate?

A

Preterm: Less physiological flexion due to lack of flexor tone

Full-term: physiologic flexion (full flexion)

21
Q

What is the scarf sign and how does it differ in preterm neonates?

A

the arm is passively moved across chest of child in supine with head in midline

Preterm neonates have offer no resistance to passive movement, whereas full-term neonates offer resistance to passive movement before reaching midline

22
Q

What are the motor development goals?

A
  • control of the body against gravity
  • the ability to maintain the body’s COM within the BOS
  • the performance of intrasegmental and intersegmental isolated movements (reciprocal kicking or turning head without moving extremities)
23
Q

Describe the 5 developmental progressions

A

1) Prone
2) Supine
3) Rolling
4) Sitting
5) Standing

24
Q

Describe the 6 prone progressions

A
  • prone lying
  • prone on elbows
  • prone on extended elbows
  • pivot prone
  • quadruped
  • locomotion in prone
25
Q

What is the difference between (crawling and creeping?

A

Crawling: moving slowly by dragging the body along the ground (passive LE)

Creeping: to move across the floor on hands and knees without the trunk being in direct contact with the surface

26
Q

Describe the 2 supine progressions

A
  • pull to sit

- feet to mouth

27
Q

Describe the 6 sitting progressions

A
  • supported sitting
  • propped sitting
  • ring sitting
  • half-ring sitting
  • long sitting
  • side sitting
28
Q

Side-sitting is essential for transition to what?

A

the quadruped position for crawling/creeping

29
Q

Describe the 5 standing progressions

A
  • supported standing
  • independent standing
  • cruising
  • independent locomotion
  • stair climbing
30
Q

What are the 4 balance skills?

A
  • Righting
  • Tilting
  • Equilibrium
  • Protective
31
Q

When does the grasp reflex disappear?

A

4 months

32
Q

Describe the progression of the grasp

A

1) ulnar-palmar
2) palmar
3) radial palmar
4) inferior pincer
5) neat pincer

33
Q

When does volitional release begin at?

A

11 months

34
Q

Rolling begins at __ months

A

3

35
Q

Sitting begins at __ months

A

6

36
Q

Crawling begins at __ months

A

9

37
Q

Walking begins at __ months

A

12

38
Q

The ability to grasp objects begins at __ months

A

3

39
Q

The ability to transfer objects begins at __ months

A

6

40
Q

The ability to purposefully release objects begins at __ months

A

9

41
Q

The ability to use a pincer grasp begins at __ months

A

12

42
Q

At 37 months gestation what important event occurs?

A

Lung surfactant develops

731: Pediatrics (19 decks)

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