Child development 1

Question 1

What are some major gross motor major milestones? What else do you look for in infants? Which ones have safety implication?

Answer 1

Before 6 months, looks at babies tone in general.

6-7 months- sits alone, head steady

9-10 months- crawls on hands and knees, pulls to stand-babyproofing

12- 13 months- walks without help-babyproofing

2 years- walks up and down stairs

3- 4 years- rides tricycle

5 years- able to skip

Question 2

Waht are some major fine motor milestones? Which ones have safety implications?

Answer 2

4-5 months- puts object in mouth
8- 9 months- picks up small objects using pincer
grasp (Watch out for them putting stuff in mouth)

2 years- copies drawing of vertical line

3 years- draws a circle

Question 3

What are some major language milestones?

Answer 3

8- 9 months- makes sounds like mama, dada,

baba

10- 12 months- uses mama, dada appropriately

15 months- speaks 4 to 6 words

18 months- speaks 10- 15 words

2 years- uses two-word sentences

3 years- asks questions

4 years- can identify colors

Question 4

What are some major social/self-help milestones?

Answer 4

Birth-1 month- makes eye contact

1-2 months- smiles in response to face or voice

3-4 months- increases activity when shown a toy

6 months- onset of stranger anxiety, onset of separation anxiety (which can easily extend to two to three years of age)

9-10 months- waves bye-bye

12-13 months- holds and drinks from cup

14-15 months- insists on feeding self

14-15 months- strong will and temper tantrums often begin

2 years- plays in parallel to other children

3 years- plays interactively with other children

4 years- plays cooperatively with other children

Question 5

What things are important to find out when taking a history about speech and language delay?

Answer 5

Pregnancy and delivery

Complete developmental history

Family history

Other specific questions (e.g. behaviors seen

with autism, social situation)

Question 6

What are 4 things on the differential diagnosis concerning language delay?

Answer 6

Hearing loss

Neglect

Autism

Mental retardation

Question 7

What are 3 things on the diff. diag. for hearing loss? Which is most likely?

Answer 7

Congenital and inherited causes(noninfectious)
Craniofacial syndromes
Waardenburg syndrome
Alport syndrome

Congenital causes- infectious
Rubella
CMV
Syphilis

Infection- otitis media with persistent effusions

Question 8

How does autism often present? What are the symptoms?

Answer 8

Presents with language delay

poor eye contact
lack of displays of warmth 
lack of separation anxiety
lack of protodeclarative pointing
repetitive motor mannerisms such as hand flapping

fascination and obsessive play with intricate or unusual toys
restricted interests or preoccupation with a single interest
adherence to routines and rituals
stereotyped or repetitive use of language
exaggerated response to every day stimuli

Question 9

Define Aspergers syndrome?

Answer 9

an autism spectrum disorder in which

persistent impairment in social interactions,

repetitive behavior patterns, and restricted

interests are not accompanied by delays in

cognitive or language development.

Question 10

What are some causes of mental retardation?

Answer 10

Multiple causes

Problems with pregnancy or delivery

Syndromes (e.g. Fragile X, Down syndrome,

Fetal Alcohol syndrome)

Etiology unclear