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MD3 > Child and Adolescent Health > Flashcards

Child and Adolescent Health Flashcards

1
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Review dosing, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of commonly used drugs.

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2
Q

Understand the relative efficacy and safety of commonly used drugs.

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3
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Understand the rationale behind the use of commonly used drugs.

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4
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Understand the potential risks of the commonly used drugs.

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5
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Develop an understanding of commonly used intravenous fluids, their composition and indications.

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6
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Become aware of what drug alternatives and complimentary therapies are sought by parents.

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7
Q

Revise that drug pharmacology shows significant variations across ages.

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8
Q

Revise that specific therapeutic approaches differ in neonates, children and teenagers even within the same diagnostic conditions, e.g. treatment of UTIs.

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9
Q

Explore safe drug and IV fluid prescribing in children, through case-based examples.

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10
Q

Demonstrate the ability to accurately prescribe appropriate drugs and fluids based on weight and illness.

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11
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Understand the significance of medication errors and the systems to prevent them, and recognise an individual’s responsibility in ensuring medication safety.

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12
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Appreciate that there are normal variations in growth and feeding and deviations from percentiles on growth charts are not always indicative of pathology.

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13
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Understand normal infant crying patterns and describe an approach to infant irritability.

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14
Q

Understand the importance of investigating the unwell infant with fever and no focus for it.

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15
Q

Appreciate the risk of serious bacterial infection in children.

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16
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Appreciate the undifferentiated presentation of acutely unwell infants with fever.

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17
Q

Assess the infant with fever and appreciate when investigations are appropriate.

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18
Q

Explain the principles of managing fever with no focus in various age groups.

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19
Q

Understand the differential diagnosis for fever and rash in a child.

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20
Q

Understand risks for unvaccinated child/ a child partially treated on antibiotics/ pregnant mothers/ immunocompromised siblings.

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21
Q

Explain the principles of taking temperate in different age groups.

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22
Q

Appreciate perceptions of fever in the community.

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23
Q

Provide general fever advice.

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24
Q

Describe acute management of typical febrile convulsions and be able to educate parents about them.

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25
Q

Understand the methods of urine collection in infants and diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI).

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26
Q

Explain treatment options of UTI depending on age and severity of illness.

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27
Q

Appreciate need for investigation of UTIs in particular situations.

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28
Q

Build on knowledge of developmental evaluation.

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29
Q

Be familiar with the investigation of children with developmental delay.

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30
Q

Understand the features and presentations of specific language delay, global developmental delay and autism.

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31
Q

Understand the role of multidisciplinary input to assessment and treatment.

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32
Q

Understand the role of the doctor in helping meet the needs of families when a child has a developmental disability.

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33
Q

Gain understanding of the supports and services for families.

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34
Q

Outline the key principles of empathic practice.

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35
Q

Demonstrate an ability to understand the perspective of the patient and their family.

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36
Q

Demonstrate an ability to engage in reflective practice.

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37
Q

Have an approach to the assessment of pain in infants, children and adolescents.

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38
Q

Understand the various pain management techniques that can be safely utilised in neonates, children and teenagers, across various contexts.

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39
Q

Be able to develop a pain management plan for a child with acute pain.

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40
Q

Appreciate the specific challenges around procedural pain management.

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41
Q

Have an approach to chronic or persistent pain in children and teenagers.

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42
Q

Demonstrate how to best administer salbutamol, depending on age of patient.

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43
Q

Demonstrate how to use an epipen correctly.

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44
Q

Educate families/patients on asthma management at home including:

  • provision of a written asthma management plan
  • treatment of the current exacerbation of asthma as well as future symptoms
  • ways to optimise asthma control including appropriate use of preventers.
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45
Q

Describe the symptoms/signs of anaphylaxis and explain when an epipen should be prescribed.

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46
Q

Describe the key signs of critically unwell children.

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47
Q

Describe the assessment and management of ‘deteriorating child’, prior to becoming critically unwell.

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48
Q

Discuss some of the broader issues such as stabilisation and transfer of sick children and managing family and staff when dealing with critically unwell children.

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49
Q

Consolidate knowledge around the assessment and management of a child or teenager presenting in DKA.

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50
Q

Outline the key principles of a paediatric history, including those components unique to paediatrics.

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51
Q

Demonstrate an ability to take an accurate and comprehensive history from a child and their caregiver.

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52
Q

Demonstrate an ability to adapt the content and technique of history taking to fit a child’s age and developmental stage.

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53
Q

Take a history from a child presenting with a gastrointestinal problem.

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54
Q

Perform a gastrointestinal examination including hydration assessment.

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55
Q

Make an appropriate assessment of hydration status based on history and examination.

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56
Q

Formulate a differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal presentations in different age groups.

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57
Q

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of safe fluid replacement in paediatric presentations.

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58
Q

Appreciate the role of imaging in assessing gastrointestinal presentations in paediatrics.

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59
Q

Examine the inguinoscrotal region and genitals to identify:

  • undescended testis
  • likely causes of acutely painful scrotum
  • likely causes of painless, swollen scrotum
  • likely causes of a groin lump
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60
Q

Understand the way to examine the penis to recognise the common problems, including hypospadias.

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61
Q

Examine the abdomen of a baby or child to identify the cause of an abdominal mass or abdominal pain.

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62
Q

Take a paediatric cardiac history and understand aspects of the history specific to children.

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63
Q

Conduct a cardiac examination on an infant, child and adolescent and be able to identify significant abnormal findings.

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64
Q

Formulate a differential diagnosis for abnormal findings on a cardiac examination/history.

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65
Q

Demonstrate an understanding of the role of investigations in cardiac presentations in children and adolescents.

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66
Q

Appreciate the variation in vital signs with age and be able to measure them accurately.

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67
Q

Safely perform a paediatric ear, nose and throat exam with minimal distress to the child.

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68
Q

Identify normal middle ear anatomy and common middle ear pathology on otoscopy.

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69
Q

Identify normal oral/pharyngeal anatomy and the diagnostic features of common presentations.

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70
Q

Take a history from parents regarding a child’s developmental milestones.

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71
Q

Perform a developmental assessment focusing on expected gross motor, fine motor, language and social skills in an infant, toddler or preschool aged child.

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72
Q

Perform a neurological examination on a younger child.

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73
Q

Perform a gait examination on a child.

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74
Q

Take a history from a child presenting with a limp or difficulty walking.

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75
Q

Perform a gait examination in a child with a limp or difficulty walking.

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76
Q

Make an appropriate assessment of a child with a limp to differentiate musculoskeletal and neurological causes.

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77
Q

Formulate a differential diagnosis for musculoskeletal causes of limp.

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78
Q

Appreciate the initial management and investigations that may be required.

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79
Q

Describe the contents of the Child Infant Health Record.

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80
Q

Confidently and competently handle infants.

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81
Q

Perform a systematic newborn examination on an infant, including hip examination.

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82
Q

Detect major abnormalities and appreciate common variations of normal.

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83
Q

Take a paediatric respiratory history.

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84
Q

Conduct an opportunistic respiratory examination on an infant, child and adolescent.

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85
Q

Recognise acute respiratory distress and assess its severity in different age groups.

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86
Q

Formulate a differential diagnosis for acute respiratory distress in different age groups.

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87
Q

Demonstrate an understanding of the role of investigations in respiratory presentations in children and adolescents.

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88
Q

Appreciate the variation in vital signs with age and be able to measure them accurately.

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89
Q

Engage with young people in a consultation and sensitively deal with parents.

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90
Q

Discuss confidentiality with young people.

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91
Q

Take a psychosocial screen from adolescents and arrive at an overall assessment of risk.

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92
Q

Bring the interview to an appropriate close with feedback and negotiation of a management plan.

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93
Q

Establish rapport with a child and his/her family in a manner in which the child and family feel comfortable.

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94
Q

Converse with preschool and primary school aged children using appropriate language.

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95
Q

Explain a simple plan to a child in a way which they are able to follow.

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96
Q

Develop an understanding of appropriate management of children for procedures including the use of positions of comfort, distraction techniques and age appropriate descriptions of procedures.

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97
Q

Gain an understanding of the patient journey for common paediatric surgical conditions.

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98
Q

Describe the principles of management of an unconscious child.

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99
Q

Recognise the signs of airway obstruction and develop strategies to manage airway obstruction.

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100
Q

Describe the symptoms and signs of the sick child.

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101
Q

Outline the principles of monitoring (including pulse oximetry, capnography).

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102
Q

Discuss the basic principles of paediatric acute pain management.

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103
Q

Have heard multiple examples of innocent murmurs.

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104
Q

Have heard multiple examples of pathological murmurs.

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105
Q

Have developed skills in recognising the difference between pathological and non-pathological (innocent) murmurs.

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106
Q

Utilise the Murmur Recognition Program to revise skills, once they’ve completed the full online teaching session.

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MD3 (4 decks)

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