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Psychiatry > Child and Adolescent > Flashcards

Child and Adolescent Flashcards

1
Q

What is the criteria for assessing a child/adolescent?

A

May be a mental illness
Has to be some kind of functional impairment or risk
-Academic performance
-Social integration
-Exploited, abuse, groomed, social media use
-Self harm / Suicide is a risk
-Substance misuse

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2
Q

What is the presentation of MHD in children?

A

Neurotic = mood disorders like anxiety and depression

Psychotic = disassociation from reality

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3
Q

What are the problem 4P’s in children?

A

Predisposing factors Precipitating factors

                              Problem

Perpetuating factors Protecting factors

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4
Q

When is the mental state examination done?

A

What is happening now!

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5
Q

What is in the mental state examination?

A

What is happening now!

Appearance
Behaviour
Speech
Mood
Thoughts = delusions etc
Perception 
Cognition = ability to process information
Risk
Insight= are you unwell? mentally unwell?
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6
Q

What are intra-uterine and perinatal factors affecting children’s MH?

A 
Maternal health
Substance misuse
Toxins and drugs
Epigenetics
Endocirne / immune environment
Premature birth or complications
Twinning
Impressive levels of resilience
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7
Q

What happens in fetal alcohol syndrome?

A 
Growth retardation (Body, head, brain and eyes)
Multiple neuro-development effects 
-Sensorimotor
-Cognitive development
-Executive function
-Language
ADHD, DCD, LD
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8
Q

What is the function of white matter?

A

Important for functions - e.g. working memory between 2 brain areas

  • Low connectivity = congitive instability
  • In developing brains = ADHD and poor concentration
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9
Q

What are environmental factors during childhood that affect MH?

A 
Carer
Parenting skills
Family function
Nutrition
Abuse, neglect and discipline
Relationships
Life events
Physical disability
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10
Q

What is the brains response to stress?

A

To physical and mental
Interplay between brain and body
Early life influences limbic system
Determines future pattern of stress response
Early life = mood and patterns of response

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11
Q

Early adversity decreases dopamine response. What happens in this?

A

Decreased reward sensitivity = increased behaviour to elicit reward = increased tolerance = increased behaviour

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12
Q

What is executive and cortical control?

A 
Taking over learned behaviours
Applied in CBT
Inhibit prepotent responses
Forward planning
Requires self awareness and capacity to self-monitor
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13
Q

What is delayed aversion and delayed gratification and what condition does it explain?

A

Explains ADHD = inability to wait and maintain attention in the absence of immediate reward

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14
Q

What MH problems associated with being out of school?

A 
Anxiety
Conduct disorder
Autism
Depression
OCD
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15
Q

What are anxiety disorders in children?

A

Separation anxiety
Social phobia

Features

  • Anxious thoughts and feelings
  • Autonomic symptoms
  • Avoidant behaviour
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16
Q

What are motivation factors affecting school attendance?

A

Learning difficulties
Lack of friends and relationships
Bullying
Lack of parental attention

Maternal depression

17
Q

What is autism?

A 
Neurodevelopmental disorder
Persistent, pervasive and distinctive behavioural abnormalities
Low IQ
Persistent across lifestyle
Heritable
18
Q

What are autism features?

A

Social = expressing concern, conversation and non-verbal communication

Repetitive behaviours = mannerisms, obsessions, inflexible patterns of behaviour

19
Q

What are the clinical features of ASD?

A

Decreased = perspective, sharing, learning and social understanding

Increased = rigidity, sameness, learning patterns and technical understanding

20
Q

What are the causes of ASD?

A

Co-morbid with congenital or genetic disorders (rubella, downs syndrome)

Epigenetics

21
Q

What are common clinical problems in ASD?

A 
Learning disability
Sleeping and eating habits
Hyperactivity
Anxiety and depression
OCD
School avoidance
Aggression
elf injury and harm
22
Q

What are the principles of management of ASD?

A

Recognition, description and acknowledgement
Establish needs
Psychopharmacology

Psychiatry (17 decks)

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