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Psychopath 2 > child and adolescent > Flashcards

child and adolescent Flashcards

1
Q

Piaget: sensorimotor stage

A

birth-2

child learns he is separate from environment and aspects of environment exist when out of reach of senses

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2
Q

Piaget: preoperational stage

A

talking age-7
child uses symbols to represent objects, personifies objects, can think about things not present, difficulty conceptualizing time
takes in info and changes it to fit his ideas

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3
Q

Piaget: concrete stage

A

first grade-early adolescence
develops ability to think abstractly and make rational judgments about concrete or observable phenomena without physical manipulation (needed previously)

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4
Q

Piaget: formal operations

A

adolescence

no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgments, capable of hypothetical and deductive reasoning

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5
Q

attachment theory

A

describes dynamics of long-term relationship between humans in families and life-long friendships
*infant needs to develop relationship w at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally, pattern for further relationships

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6
Q

transitional object

A

something that takes place of mother-child bond, like doll, teddy bear, or blanket

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7
Q

social isolation and development

A

nursing strengthens mother-child bond d/t intimate body contact, not just feeding
isolation = blank staring, stereotyped repetitive behavior, self-mutilation in baby rhesus monkeys

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8
Q

temper tantrum

A

undesirable behavior or emotional outbursts in response to unmet needs or desires, or inability to control emotions d/t difficulty expressing need or desire
begins at 12-18 mos, worse between 2-3y, infrequent after 4y

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9
Q

intellectual disability IQ scores

A

borderline intellectual functioning: 70-80

mild: 50-70
moderate: 35-50
severe: 25-40
profound: below 25

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10
Q

communication disorders

A

expressive language disorder and mixed receptive-expressive language disorder (DSM5 calls these “language disorder”)
phonological disorder (speech sound disorder)
stuttering (childhood-onset fluency disorder)
social/pragmatic communication disorder (persistent difficulties in social uses of verbal and non-verbal communication; *cannot be diagnosed if sx of autism)

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11
Q

dyslexia and dyscalculia

A

specific types of reading and mathematics deficits

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12
Q

specific learning disorder

A

reading disorder
mathematics disorder
disorder of written expression
learning disorder NOS

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13
Q

Rett’s disorder

A

pervasive developmental disorder: genetic, developmental
F»»M
normal for 6 mos, then motor skills stagnate and regress, head circumference normal at birth then slows b/t 5-48 mos

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14
Q

childhood disintegrative disorder

A

pervasive developmental disorder; children develop normally until 3-4y, over few months lose language, motor, social, other learned skills

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15
Q

pervasive developmental disorders

A

Rett’s disorder
childhood disintegrative disorder
autism
Asperger’s disorder

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16
Q

autism dx

A

1- impairment in social interaction (nonverbal comm, failure to dev peer relationships, lack of seeking shared enjoyment, lack of social or emotional reciprocity)
2- communication impairments (spoken language delay/lack, initiating or sustaining conversation, repetitive or idiosyncratic language, lack of make-believe play)
3- restricted interest patterns (preoccupation w patterns of interest w abnormal intensity or focus, inflexible rituals, repetitive motor mannerisms, persistent preoccupation w parts of objects)

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17
Q

prevalence of autism

A

1-2 / 1000 worldwide, CDC reports 9/1000 in USA

*inc dx since 80s, ? change in diagnostic practice or true increase in prevalence

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18
Q

causes of autism

A

strong genetic basis, unclear genetics and mechanisms (rare mutations or rare combos of common mutations?)
controversies about environmental causes (heavy metal, pesticide, childhood vaccines)
*vaccine theory implausible and lacks evidence

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19
Q

Asperger’s disorder

A

ASD
difficulties in social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests
*relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development vs other ASDs
physical clumsiness and atypical language use reported frequently but not required for dx
*likely genetic but cause unknown

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20
Q

autism spectrum disorders in the DSM5

A

encompasses autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder NOS

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21
Q

social communication disorder

A

in DSM5, deficits in social communication and social interaction
but no restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities = not ASD

22
Q

ADD/ADHD

A

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
*difficult to define because ~ normal levels for kids
sx must be observed in 2+ settings for 6+ months, to a greater degree than other kids of same age
some sx must be before age 12

23
Q

subtypes of ADHD

A

1- predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
2- predominantly inattentive
3- combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive

24
Q

screening and severity assessment for ADHD

A

Connor’s scale

child behavior checklist

25
Q

prevalence of ADHD

A

3-5% children globally, 2-16% school-aged children

30-50% diagnosed in childhood have sx in adulthood

26
Q

ADHD tx

A

stimulants: methylphenidate, amphetamine salts, bupropion (off label)
alpha-agonists: clonidine, guanfacine
atomoxatine

27
Q

adult ADD criteria

A

only 5 (instead of 6 for kids) symptoms required for inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsivity

28
Q

disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders

A

oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder (*closely a/w antisocial personality d/o), disruptive behavior disorder
intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, kleptomania
all have problems in emotional and behavioral self-control

29
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

excessive persistent anger, frequent temper tantrums or angry outbursts, disregard for authority; may annoy others on purpose, blame others for their mistakes, are easily annoyed; more rigid and defiant than siblings; may be resentful and revengeful

30
Q

tx of ODD

A

key factor in development and maintenance is reinforcement of unwanted behavior, so behavioral therapy focuses on teaching parents to not reward these negative behaviors

31
Q

conduct disorder dx

A

repetitive behavior wherein rights of others or social norms are violated
sx: verbal/ physical aggression, cruel behavior toward people/pets, destructive behavior, lying, truancy, vandalism, stealing

32
Q

conduct disorder social implications

A

may inflict serious physical or psychological harm on others
greatly increased risk incarceration, injury, depression, substance abuse, death by homicide or suicide
after 18y, may become antisocial personality disorder

33
Q

separation anxiety disorder

A

excessive anxiety related to separation from home or people to whom pt is strongly attached
significant and recurrent amount of worry upon or in anticipation of separation
often comes to attention when child refuses to go to school

34
Q

reactive attachment disorder

A

disturbed and developmentally inappropriate ways of relating socially
ex: persistent failure to initiate or respond to social interactions (inhibited), or indiscriminate sociability w relative strangers (disinhibited)

35
Q

reactive attachment disorder tx

A

concentrate on increasing responsiveness and sensitivity of caregiver or placing child with different caregiver
*being evaluated

36
Q

tx of childhood behavioral issues

A

CBT using aspects of classical and operant conditioning

parenting strategies

37
Q

MDD in children

A

same criteria as MDD in adults (SIGECAPS)
may be irritable vs depressed
young children may have somatic complaints, lose interest in school, and show academic decline
*dx may be dismissed as normal moodiness

38
Q

tx of childhood MDD

A

for pts 18-24 yo, there is a higher risk of suicidal ideations and behavior if treated with SSRIs

39
Q

bipolar d/o in kids vs adults

A

kids may have both depressive and manic symptoms daily
mania may present w psychotic sx and mixed manic-depressive episodes
may also have anger, dysphoria, irritability, belligerence

40
Q

tx of childhood bipolar d/o

A

drugs- mood stabilizers, atypical antipsychotics, or combo

lithium for kids 12+

41
Q

childhood-onset schizophrenia

A

usually after 5yo following normal development

*rare, difficult to distinguish from other dev d/o like autism

42
Q

teen psychosis

A

hallucinations are common, so making dx is difficult

brief auditory hallucinations common in stressed kids w mood d/o or dissociative d/o

43
Q

tic disorders

A

Tourette’s, chronic motor tic d/o, chronic vocal tic d/o, transient tic d/o

44
Q

encopresis

A

involuntary fecal soiling in toilet-trained people
often d/t painful constipation
M>F
triggers: beginning school w shared bathrooms, negative parental rxn to feces

45
Q

enuresis

A

inability to contro urination in individuals old enough to be expected to exercise such control

46
Q

selective mutism

A

children > adults
fully capable of understanding and speaking but fail to speak in certain situations
can be confused with “shyness” or autism

47
Q

tx for selective mutism

A

“stimulus fading” - gradually introduce people into situation when child talking normally w someone they are comfortable with; a form of CBT

48
Q

PTSD in kids

A

more likely to feel at fault for trauma vs adults
sexually abused children may have problems with fear, worry, sadness, anger, feeling alone, judged, low self-worth, being untrusting

49
Q

PTSD in teens

A

more likely than younger kids and adults to show impulsive and aggressive behavior
common: aggression, out-of-place sexual behavior, self-harm, drug or alcohol abuse

50
Q

tx for PTSD

A 
play therapy (young kids)
PFA (psychological first aid) - comfort and support, affirmation that reactions are normal
CBT - learn self-assertion or changing distortions around trauma
51
Q

duty to report

A

mandatory reporters: health care providers and facilities, mental health providers, teachers, school personnel, social workers, daycare providers, law enforcement

Psychopath 2 (8 decks)

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