Child abuse and Neglect

Question 1

What does Maltreatment includes (8)

PP 217

Answer 1

P - physical abuse
E - emotional abuse or neglect
E - exposure to unwholesome or demoralizing
N - neglect of med necessities
N - neglect of children’s school attendance
I - inadequate care n nourishment
E - exploitation - force to work too long/ much
S - sexual abuse

Question 2

Physical Abuse indicators

PP 218-219

Answer 2

1. Bruises: in unusual places or forming unusual patterns, bruises w/recognizable shapes, colors.
2. Lacerations: cuts, scrapes, scratches, bites…
3. Fractures: twisted, mult, poorly explained, joint dislocations.
4. Burns: rope, donut shaped, cigarettes - odd forms n patterns
5. Head injuries: skull fractures, loss of hair, subdural hematomas, blk eyes, retinas detached
6. Internal injuries: spleen, kidney, intestine, abdominal cavity.

Question 3

Questions to ask yourself when there is suspicion of physical abuse?

PP 219-220

Answer 3

• does this child get hurt too often?
• does the child have mult injuries?
• do the injuries occur in patterns?
• are the injuries such that they d not seem possible for a child at that stage of devlp?
• do the explanations given for the injuries make sense?

Question 4

Behavioral indicators for injury?

PP 220

Answer 4

• Passive submissive behaviors – hyper-vigilance and keeping of a low profile, may be excessively calm and docile… Learned behavior to avoid any possible conflict w/abusive parent.
• Aggressive, raging, and hostile behavior caused by rage and frustration at not getting needs met. Need of attention if it’s negative… Their aggressive behavior is reinforced.
• Developmental lags – motor, language, social due to their attention aimed to coping w/their abusive behavior.

Question 5

Child neglect

Answer 5

A caregivers failure to meet a child’s basic needs.

Physical, emotional, medical, mental health, educational.

Question 5

Characteristics of Abusers

PP 220-221

Answer 5

Need for personal support/ nurturance: low self-esteem. Emotional needs unfulfilled from their own childhoods due to therefore unable to meet the needs of their children.

Social isolation: fear of rejection, so they isolate

Communication n relationship difficulties: cannot express feelings, make hostile remarks, high build up of frustrations, may direct angry feelings at child instead of spouse, partner.

Poor Parenting Skills - may not have been nurtured, have inappropriate developmental expectations of children

Poor Coping Skills – cannot handle stress and lashes out at children, unable to separate emotions from behavior, blames others/not taking responsibility, indecisive and poor problem solvers, impulsive, need to relieve stress immediately, unaware of consequences

External stress and life crises – unemployment, child’s illness, marital dispute – pushes over the edge & becomes abusive

Question 6

Two most frequent aspects of neglect

Answer 6

Physical- most common: failure to protect from harm or danger and provide for the child’s basic physical needs, shelter, good, n clothing.

Inadequate supervision:children w/out a caretaker or in attentive. Can include psychological.

Question 7

Indicators of child neglect (12)

Answer 7

Housing Hazard
Household sanitation
Abandonment n substitute Childca
Physical health
Personal hygiene 
Educational Neglect
Emotional n behavioral problems
Nutrition
Supervision 
Social and attachment difficulties

Mental Health
Cognitive and academic deficits

Question 8

5 basic types of Mothers who neglect their children

Answer 8

1. Indifferent, lethargic, little energy
2. Impulsive, irresponsible mother. Poor impulse control n lacks coping skills
3. Depressed- gives up
4. Intellectual disabilities- cog inabilities
5. Mental illness- bizarre thought, delusions, extreme anxiety.

Question 9

Psychological abuse

Answer 9

Belittling, humiliating, rejection, undermining a child’s self esteem.

Question 10

Psychological neglect

Answer 10

Passively failing to meet children’s needs.

Deprivation of need to be held, ignores need of emotional involvement.

Question 11

5 categories of behavior are involved in psychological maltreatment.

Answer 11

1. Rejection
2. Isolation
3. Terrorizing
4. Ignoring
5. Corrupting

Question 12

Potential effects related to psychological maltreatment.

PP 225

Answer 12

Low self esteem
Anxiety 
Depression
Negative view of life
Suicide potential
Emotional instability
Difficulties with impulse control
Substance abuse
Eating disorder
Relationship difficulties
Violence
Criminal behavior
Schoolproblems/Poorperformance

Question 13

What does case planning include ?

Answer 13

Goal setting, provision of treatment, evaluation of the effects of treatment, and termination.

Question 14

Questions a SW should address.

Answer 14

Is the child at risk from anise, neglect n to what degree?

What is causing the problem?

What are the strengths or protective factors that could be built on with services to alleviate the problem?

Is the Hm a safe environment or must the child be placed?

Question 15

Factors that affect risk

PP 226

Answer 15

Young children, intellectual or other disabilities r at greater risk

Cooperation of the caregiver, physical, mental n emotional capabilities of the parent.

Perpetrators w/ HZ of irrational, abusive behavior n who harm the child intellectually

Use if support system, degree of stress.. Evaluation of overall environment

Question 16

Treatments for maltreatment

Answer 16

Therapy
Support groups
Couples counseling/ individual 
Outside resources
Homemaker services

Victim
Medical service
Special need therapy
Role model exposure
Big bro big sis

Question 17

5 phases to sexual abuse

Answer 17

Engagement phase: experiment w/child to see how close he can get n how child will react.

Sexual interaction: sexual activity

One of secrecy: use of manipulation, threats, n guilt

Disclosure:

Suppression: high anxiety, feeling of denial,guilt, insecurity, anger

Question 18

Risk factors characterizing families. (Sexual abuse)

Answer 18

Absence of a bio parent

Fam conflict n comm problems

Fam isolation.

Mother readily available to child

Question 19

Physical indicators of sexual abuse

Answer 19

STDs, problems with throat/ mouth, difficulties w/ urination, penile/vaginal discharge, bruises in genital area, pregnancy.

Question 20

Psychological indicators of sexual abuse

Answer 20

Low self-esteem, emotional disturbance, anger, fear, anxiety, and depression

Question 21

Behavioral indicators of sexual abuse

Answer 21

W/drawing, peer interaction difficulties, engage in excessive sexual activity, n inappropriate sexual behavior.

Question 22

Potential long term effects of sexual abuse

Answer 22

Emotional problems
Fear of relationships
Interpersonal problems 
Sexual dysfunctions
PTSD

Question 23

5 variables increase the risk of more serious problems in adulthood for survivors of sexual abuse

Answer 23

Closer relationship to perpetrator=deeper trauma

Duration of abuse= long-term neg effects

Use of force n the intensity if abuse=devastation effects, trauma

Absence of parental support= psychological distress,

Inability of the survivor to cope= personality