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child Flashcards

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1
Q

Placenta Drug Barrier

A

Non-existent. Fetus tends to have same blood level of drug as mother

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2
Q

Risks of psychoactive meds to fetus

A

(1)Teratogenic (structural damage) (2) Behavioral abnormalities (3) Neonatal toxicity from medication acquired during breast feeding

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3
Q

Risk of not treating maternal illness

A

(1) Poor compliance with prenatal care, poor nutrition, exposure to undesired drugs, increased intake of self medication, deficits in mother-infant bonding, disruptions in family environment

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4
Q

T/F Depression during pregnancy decreases risk of postpatrum depression

A

FALSE

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5
Q

Potential cause for heightened risk during first trimester of pregnancy

A

Using more than one anti-depressant

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6
Q

SSRI Discontinuation Syndrome (a) In what population (b) Symptoms (c) Potentail course of action to avoid it

A

(a) Present in offspring of mothers who used SSRI antidepressants during third trimester (b) irritability, constant crying, sleep distrubances, hyperactive reflexes, breathing and feeding difficulties (c) Mothers are recommended to take Prozac as soon as pregnancy is confirmed but stop during third trimester, instead using non-phramologic intervnections and/or OMEGA 3 FA

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7
Q

Untreated BP in Mom

A

Impulsivity, impaired judgement, drug abuse, manic episodes, interpersonal life disruptions

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8
Q

Risk of Lithium use

A

Cardiac malformations

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9
Q

Risk of Valproic Acid

A

HIGH. Only used if absolutely necessary. High impcat on cognitiion and congenital malformations

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10
Q

Risk of Topiramate

A

High risk of congenital malformations such as oral clefts

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11
Q

High Risk Mood Stabilizers

A

Lithium, Valproic, Topiramate

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12
Q

Low Risk Mood Stabilizers

A

Carabamazepine, Lamotrigine, Neurontin

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13
Q

Atypical antipsych treatment

A

Schizo. BP, PTSD, BPD

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14
Q

Risk of atypical antipsychs in pregnancy

A

Offspring can be large for gestational age, diabetes, jitteriness/irritability/feeding problems

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15
Q

Why child psychpharm is underdeveloped

A

Barely have first textbook written (2009)

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16
Q

Key risk analysis for pre-school aged children

A

Weighing risk of medication with risk of not-intervening

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17
Q

Challenge associated with ADHD in kids

A

ADHD symptoms vary across a lifespan… also comorbidity with anxiety/communication disorders varies

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18
Q

Usual treatment for ADHD in preschoolers

A

Ritilan–>Adderall–>Discontinue if nothing after 6 m.o.

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19
Q

Treatment for disruptive behaviors in preschoolers

A

No good meds. Often antipsychs used but recommended to use them in conjunction with psychotherapy which they never are

20
Q

Treatment of depression in preschoolers

A

It is common [trauma, mother with depression]. Manifests if ways like looking sad when playing games, appetite loss, sleep problems..psychoterpahy recommended

21
Q

Treatment of Anxiety in Preschool children

A

Therapy for 3 m.o. if no change then maybe use Prozac.

22
Q

Common Anxiety disorders in children

A

PTSD [psych therapy suggested] and OCD [therapy recommended]

23
Q

Autism v.s. Aspergers

A

Austism must be present before age 3…

24
Q

Medical treatments for Autism

A

Aytpical antispychs (risperidone and abilify) can help

25
Q

What psychotropic drugs do to alter austim spectrum disorder

A

Impact aggression, self injury, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, mood dysregulation

26
Q

Side effects of autism drugs

A

Weight gain, glucose intolerance, high cholestoral

27
Q

Omega 3’s and Autism

A

FA deficines impliaced in neurocognitive disorders like autism…

28
Q

Problem associated with diagnosis of rage disorders

A

symptoms cut across many other diagnoses (ADHD, autism, PTSD, Bipolar Disorder).

29
Q

Treatments for aggressive disorders

A

(1) Mood stabilizers and atypical antispychs WITH therapy (2) Lithium for cases of severe depression (3) Valproic acid (4) Psychostimulants (5) SSRIs (6) Benzoids OVERALL NO FDA APPROVED MEDICATION FOR AGGRESIVE DISORDER IN CHILDREN

30
Q

Theory of underlining cause of ADHD

A

Alterations in dopaminergic activity in the PFC. Leisions of PFC can cause distractability, forgetfuness, impulsivity, poor planning and locomotor hyperactivity

31
Q

Effectiveness of Stimulant treatment for ADHD

A

Good at improving ADHD symptoms but not so much at attacking the functional impairments

32
Q

Findings of MTA study on ADHD

A

(1) 33% still used meds (2) Third had antisocial behavior (3) 78% of subjects continue to have ADHD

33
Q

Medications for ADHD in kids

A

(1) Ritalin [90% of all ADHD meds] ..rapid onset but short duration (2) Concerta: extended release of ritalin… (3) Dexedrine/.Adderall

34
Q

Side effects of Stimulants

A

Insomnia, high BP, growth suppression, cardiac complications….aggresion, manic symptoms

35
Q

ALternative meds for ADHD

A

(1) Selective Norepinehrine reputake inhibitis (2) DA agnoist

36
Q

Complementary treatments of depression

A

(1) SJW (2) omega-3-FA (3) Light therapy (4) Exercise

37
Q

Symptoms of GAD

A

Restlessnesss, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irrtaibilty, muscle tension

38
Q

Treatment of OCD

A

CBT + Single SSRI

39
Q

Prodrome

A

Early symptoms that might indicate start of a disease before specific symptoms occur

40
Q

Prodormal symptoms of BP

A

agitation, anxiety, stubborness, bold and bossy behavior, decrease concentration

41
Q

Distinct about children with BP

A

rapid flucations, comorbid with ADHD, disruptive behavioral disorders

42
Q

Manic state treatments for BP

A

Lithium, anticonvulsants, aytpicals

43
Q

Treatment for Pediatric BP

A

Lamotrigine and Omega-3-FA

44
Q

EPA impact on DP

A

EPA show to be effective…want high EPA/DHA ratio for BP

45
Q

Treatment for schizo

A

ATypical antipsychs… Haloperidal and phenthiazines, are good btu EPS…. atypicals are good but can cause weight gain

46
Q

Gray matter and BP

A

Lower Grey matter in early onset adolsecents

47
Q

Impact of OMega-3-FA on psychtoic disroders

A

omega-3-treatment may offer safe strategy for prevention

psych (4 decks)

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