CHI-SQUARE & OTHER NONPARAMETRIC TESTS

Question 1

A test that is used to measure the differences between what is observed and what is expected according to an assumed hypothesis.

Answer 1

CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION TEST

Question 2

a non-parametric test based on frequencies

Answer 2

CHI-SQUARE TEST

Question 3

This test is an important non-parametric test as no rigid assumptions are necessary in regard to the type of population, no need of parameter values, and relatively less mathematical details are involve.

Answer 3

CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION TEST

Question 4

Application of Chi-Square Test:

Answer 4

Goodness of Fit distribution
Test of Independence
Test of Homogeneity

Question 5

Samples are selected from several different populations, and the researcher is interested in determining whether the proportions of elements that have a common characteristic are the same for each population.

Answer 5

Test of Homogeneity

Question 6

Is used to test the independence of two variables.

For example, suppose a new postoperative procedure is administered to a number of patients in a large hospital.
The researcher can ask the question, Do the doctors feel differently about this procedure from the nurses, or do they feel basically the same way?

Answer 6

TEST OF INDEPENDENCE

Question 6

This test enables us to see how well does the assumed theoretical distribution fit to the observed data.

Assumptions:
The data are obtained from a random sample.
The expected frequency for each category must be 5 or more
Note: This test is a right-tailed test, since when the O - E values are squared, the answer will be positive or zero.

Answer 6

Goodness of Fit distribution

Question 6

Does not assume anything about the underlying distribution
It is used when the data is not normal

Answer 6

NONPARAMETRIC TESTS

Question 7

Other reasons to run nonparametric tests:

Answer 7

> One or more assumptions of a parametric test have been violated
Your sample size is too small to run a parametric test
Your data has outliers that cannot be removed
You want to test for the median rather than the mean

Question 8

interval or ratio scales

Answer 8

parametric tests

Question 9

nominal or ordinal scales

Answer 9

nonparametric test

Question 10

use this test to estimate the median of a population and compare it to a reference val

Answer 10

1-sample sign test

Question 11

this test assumes that the data comes from a symmetric distribution

Answer 11

1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test

Question 12

used to test for differences between groups with ordinal dependent variables. It can also be used for continuous data if the one-way ANOVA with repeated measures is inappropriate

Answer 12

Friedman test

Question 13

a test of association for ranked variables

Answer 13

Goodman Kruskal’s Gamma

Question 14

use this test instead of a one-way ANOVA to find out if two or more medians are different. Ranks of the data points are used for calculations, rather than the data points themselves.

Answer 14

kruskal-Wallis Test

Question 15

– looks for trends in time-series data

Answer 15

Mann-Kendall Trend Test

Question 16

use this test to compare differences between two independent groups when dependent variables are either ordinal or continuous

Answer 16

Mann-Whitney Test

Question 17

this test is used instead of sign test when you have two independent samples

Answer 17

Mood’s Median Test

Question 18

use when you want to find a correlation between two sets of data

Answer 18

Spearman Rank Correlation