CHEV.AGRIC Flashcards

1
Q

What are the BRMs (Business Risk Management) programs in GF2 (6)

A

A-(ISIR)-AW

Agri-Insurance - protect against production loss

Agri-Stability - protest against margin decline

Agri-Investment - investment fund for small losses

Agri-Recovery - protect against disaster

Advance Payments Program - low-interest loans for CF management

Western Livestock Price Insurance Program - protect against fluctuations in livestock prices

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2
Q

Identify purposes of the BRMs in GF2 other than the pure insurance purposes (4/6)

A

FEES

  • ensure availability and affordability of agricultural insurance to producers
  • provide risk mitigation to promote industry stability
  • support innovation and R&D in agricultural industry
  • foster competitiveness
  • enhance market development
  • ensure sustainable growth
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3
Q

How are the BRMs programs funded

A

Agri-Insurance - funded by producer-privincial-federal

Agri-Stability - funded by producer-privincial-federal

Agri-Investment - funded by producer-privincial-federal

Agri-Recovery - funded by privincial-federal

Advance Payments Program - funded by federal

Western Livestock Price Insurance Program - funded by producer-privincial-federal

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4
Q

Define probable yield

A

expected yield per unit of exposure of an agricultural product

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5
Q

Define balance-back factor

A

factor applied to aggregate premium to correct for individual discounts and surcharges

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6
Q

Define risk-splitting benefits

A

indemnity based on a subset of production for a given agricultural product

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7
Q

Define reinsurance load

A

a load to account for reinsurance cost when the province purchase reinsurance

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8
Q

Define uncertainty load

A

a load in rates to account for limitations in data, assumptions, methods

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9
Q

Define self-sustainability load

A

a load in rates to recover deficits and maintain surplus

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10
Q

What is the content of the Actuarial certification (3)

A

The Actuarial Certification should provide an opinion on:
[1] METHOD for calculating probable yield (for deriving exposure for yield-based plans)
[2] METHOD for pricing
[3] SELF-SUSTAINABILITY of program

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11
Q

Why is the actuarial certification required and how often is it required

A

For federal funding
At least every 5 years

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12
Q

What triggers the requirement of a new certification (2)

A
  • new crops
  • significant changes in program design or methods
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13
Q

Briefly describe the purpose of probable yield tests

A

to ensure there is no over-compensation

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14
Q

Briefly describe 4 key elements of the Canada Production Insurance Regulations

A

MARP

  • maximum coverage is 90% of the probable yield
  • rates must be actuarially sound
  • probable yields must reflect demonstrated production capabilities (to prevent over-insurance)
  • actuarial certification is required
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15
Q

Identify the main types of Agri-Insurance plans & provide examples for each

A
  • yield based plan (collective or individual)
  • non-yield based plan (weather derivative, mortality for livestock)
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16
Q

Briefly describe 2 types of yield-based production insurance programs

A

Individual: insured production is insured on his own production of the year
Collective: farmers are reimbursed based on production of all insured of an area compared to historical average. Own production is not relevant

17
Q

When does yield-based plan pay

A

When (actual production) < (production guarantee) for a specified agricultural product

18
Q

define proxy crop coverage

A

When payment rate for a given crop is based on payment rate for another crop with more reliable production and price data

19
Q

What is the trigger for non-yield based plan weather derivative

A

when a pre-determined meteorological threshold is breached regardless of actual production

20
Q

What is the trigger for non-yield based plan tree mortality

A

when more than a certain % of trees are destroyed by an insured peril REGARDLESS of actual production

21
Q

What is the formula for probable yield in a yield-based plan

A

average of yearly production yields over the appropriate experience period

22
Q

What is the purpose of adjustments to historical yields

A

to reflect current production capabilities

23
Q

What are the triggers for making adjustments to historical yields (4)

A
  • change in farming or management practices
  • change in insurance program design
  • weather pattern trends
  • change in data sources or in data collection methodologies
24
Q

Stabilizing methods used in historical yield methodologies (6)

A

ACSWST

  • Average: use long-term average of historical yields (15-25 years)
  • Cap: Cap data to limit year-over-year changes
  • Split: split basic and excess coverage since excess coverage is more volatile
  • Weight: give data outliers smaller weights when averaging (to cushion their effect)
  • Smooth: apply floor/ceilings to data points to smooth the effect of outliers
  • Transition rules: use transition rules after introducing a new yield method
25
Formula Production Guarantee
PG = A x P x C A = insured area P = probable yield per unit of area C = coverage level %
26
Formula Indemnity paid by insurer
Indem$ = Max(0, PG-AP) x (insured unit price) PG = production guarantee AP = actual production
27
Formula Liability that insurer assumes for yield-based plan
L$ = PG x (insured price)
28
Formula Indemnity rate
Indemnity rate = Indem$ / L$
28
Formula Liability that insurer assumes for non-yield-based plan
L$ = (# of insured units) x (insured price)
29
How do we calculate Premium Rate
Start with indemnity rate and load in: - uncertainty margin - balance-back factor - individual discount/surcharge - reinsurance load - self-sustainability load
30
Formula Premium
Prem$ = Premium rate x L$
31
Types of weather events covered by a weather derivative plan (3)
- Excessive rainfall - Drought - Freeze
32
Identify the cost-share levels (refers to sharing of premium contributions)
There are 3 cost-sharing levels depending on the severity of the loss: Comprehensive (lowest cost level): 0% - 80% in the overal loss distribution High (middle cost level): (80% - 93% in the overal loss distribution) Catastrophic (highest cost level): 93% - 100% in the overall loss distribution Costs are shared between the producer, province, federal government according to loss level: Comprehensive cost level → producer, province, and federal government share costs High cost level → producer, province, and federal government share costs Catastrophic cost level → provincial & federal government only (Note that administrative expenses are shared by provincial & federal government only)
33
Briefly describe the process of self-sustainability assessment in terms of: i. type of simulation ii. length of the financial position projection iii. 2 possible adverse scenarios under testing iv. criteria of self-sustainability for all scenarios
i. stochastic simulation ii. 25 years iii. increased liabilities, adverse claim experience iv. recovery from the 95th percentile deficit must occur on average within 15 years and with 80% probability within 25 years
34
Identify the roles & responsibilities of the FEDERAL government in agri-insurance programs (2)
- develop guidelines for production insurance programs - provide financing mechanism when programs are in deficit position
35
Identify the roles & responsibilities of the PROVINCIAL government in agri-insurance programs (2)
- determine (probable yield, premium rate) - manage claims
36
Identify the roles & responsibilities of the PRODUCERS in agri-insurance programs (2)
- pay their share of the premium - report yields
37
Identify the roles & responsibilities of the PRIVATE INSURANCE & REINSURANCE in agri-insurance programs
PRIVATE INSURANCE: provides coverage (for producer) for perils not covered under govt insurance (Ex: fire) REINSURANCE: provides reinsurance for Govt INSURANCE