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Diseases of Crops > Chestnut Blight & Laurel Wilt > Flashcards

Chestnut Blight & Laurel Wilt Flashcards

1
Q

What year was Chestnut Blight discovered in New York?

A

1904

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2
Q

How many trees were killed by chestnut blight by 1950?

A

4 billion

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3
Q

What type of organism causes chestnut blight?

A

A fungus

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4
Q

Where did chestnut blight come from to the USA?

A

Asia - via nursery stock

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5
Q

What is the name of the organism that causes chestnut blight?

A

Cryphonectria parasitica

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6
Q

What is Cryphonectria parasitica?

A

the causal organism of chestnut blight

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7
Q

What is a symptom of chestnut blight that shows up on the bark of the tree?

A

Reddish-orange stromata

Cankers

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8
Q

What are cankers?

A

dead areas of xylem and phloem that disrupt the flow of water and nutrients

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9
Q

When does death occur from chestnut blight?

A

When the entire stem is girdled by a single canker or multiple cankers

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10
Q

What are three alternate host trees for chestnut blight?

A

oak
hickory
maple

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11
Q

How did trees survive in France from infection of chestnut blight?

A

The cankers were hypovirulent

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12
Q

Define hypovirulent

A

reduced damage to a host

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13
Q

What does the hypovirulent chestnut blight fungus produce less of?

A

oxalic acid

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14
Q

When was the Plant Quarantine Act written into law?

A

1912

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15
Q

What was the first legal action by the US to prevent the introduction of foreign pests and pathogens?

A

Plant Quarantine Act of 2012

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16
Q

What were the first two plants quarantined in the US? What were their diseases?

A 
Chestnut (Blight)
White Pine (Blister rust)
17
Q

List four hosts of Laurel Wilt

A

Redbay
Sassafras
Avocado
European bay laurel (bay leaves used in cooking)

18
Q

What plant do bay leaves used in cooking come from?

A

European bay laurel

19
Q

What type of organism is Laurel Wilt?

A

A Fungus

20
Q

What is Raffaelea lauricola?

A

Laurel wilt fungus

21
Q

What spreads the laurel wilt fungus?

A

Ambrosia beetle

22
Q

Where are laurel wilt and the ambrosia beetle native to?

A

Asia

23
Q

How did the ambrosia beetle enter the USA?

A

by riding in packing crates (pallet shipments)

24
Q

List three ways laurel wilt can spread.

A

Ambrosia beetle
Transportation of infested firewood
Sassafras root grafts

25
Q

Which plant is almost eliminated from the costal system due to laurel wilt?

A

Redbay

26
Q

What insect depends on the Redbay plant for its larvae?

A

Palamedes swallowtail

Diseases of Crops (11 decks)

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