Chest XR Flashcards
PA and AP mean and when to use
PA = posterior anterior = taken at full inspiration = standard
AP = anterior posterior = if cannot stand, will enlarge the heart
ABCDE signs of HF on CXR
Alveolar bat wings (patchy cround glass opacification around hila)
Kerley B lines (vessels leak)
Cardiomegaly (heart swells with blood)
Dilated upper lobe vessels
Pleural effusions (blood leaks into pleural space)
RIPE for assessing quality of CXR
Rotation (clavicles equidistant from spinous processes)
Inspiration (6 ribs)
Projection (AP vs PA - assume PA if no label)
Exposure (vertebrae visible behind the heart)
what do you look for when assessing airway on CXR
tracheal deviation
carina - anything stuck
hilar structures
types of tracheal deviation and causes
pushing = largle PE/tension pneumo
pulling = consolidation with lobar collapse
if hilar enlargement what might this suggest
symmetrical = sarcoidosis unilateral/asymmetrical = malignancy
pleural thickening
mesothelioma
heart size should be
<50% of thoracic width
costophrenic blunting
fluid or consolidation or hyperinflation
space between liver and right diaphragm suggests
free gas
aortic knuckle lost in
aortic aneurysm
sail sign
sign of left lower lobe collapse
meniscus sign
pleural effusion
pectus excavatum characteristic sign
7-shaped ribs (rather than C-shaped)
Septal lines (Kerley B lines) are due to what
interstitial pulmonary oedema
