Chest Wall

Question 1

What makes up the chest wall?

Answer 1

Ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternum

Question 2

What are the true ribs?

Why?

Answer 2

Ribs 1-7

Connect directly to the sternum

Question 3

What are the surfaces of the rib?

Answer 3

Head, angle, neck, costal groove and costal cartilage

Question 4

Parts of the rib head?

Answer 4

Superior facet - articulates with vertebra above

Inferior facet - articulates with vertebra of the same number

Question 5

What is found in the costal groove?

Answer 5

Neurovascular bundle

Question 6

What are the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 6

T1-T12 (T2-T9 are typical)

Heart shaped vertebral body

Question 7

What are parts of vertebrae?

Answer 7

Body, vertebral foramen, pedicle, transverse process, spinous process

Question 8

What is the vertebral joint?

Answer 8

Zygapophyseal joint

Question 9

What is the top of manubrium?

Answer 9

Jugular notch

Question 10

What is top of sternum called?

Answer 10

Manubrium

Question 11

What is joint of manubrium and body of sternum?

Answer 11

Sternal angle

Question 12

What is the site of attachment of the clavicle?

Answer 12

Articular site for clavicle

Question 13

Where does rib 2 attach to the sternum?

Answer 13

Articular demifactets

Question 14

What is the name of the base of the sternum?

Answer 14

Xiphoid process

Question 15

What is the name of the joint between the body and the xiphoid?

Answer 15

Xiphisternal joint

Question 16

What is the sternal angle the site of?

Answer 16

2nd costal cartilage

Thoracic vertebrae 4 + 5

Bifurcation of trachea

Start / End of aorta

Question 17

What’s the position of the external intercostal muscles?

Answer 17

Inferiorly and anteriorly

Question 18

What’s the position of the internal intercostal muscles?

Answer 18

Inferiorly and posteriorly

Question 19

What constitutes the neurovascular bundle?

Answer 19

Intercostal vein

Intercostal artery

Intercostal nerve

Question 20

Where do posterior intercostal arteries arise from?

Answer 20

Internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian)

Question 21

Where does the intercostal artery run?

Answer 21

The costal groove

Question 22

What side is the azygos vein found?

Answer 22

Right

Question 23

What side is the hemiazygos vein and accessory hemiazygos vein found?

Answer 23

Left

Question 24

Where does the azygos vein drain into?

Answer 24

Superior vena cava

Question 25

Where does the anterior intercostal vein drain into?

Answer 25

The internal thoracic vein, which drains into the brachiocephalic veins

Question 26

Where does the collateral branch run?

Answer 26

Superior surface of the below rib

Question 27

What is the origin of the nerves of the NVB

Answer 27

Ventral ramus of spinal nerves T1-T11. T12 is termed a sub-costal nerve.

Question 28

What are the 9 components of the respiratory system?

Answer 28

Nose, pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx), larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Question 29

What constitutes the upper respiratory system?

Answer 29

Nose and pharynx

Question 30

What constitutes the lower respiratory system?

Answer 30

Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs

Question 31

What makes the conducting airway?

Answer 31

Nose - terminal bronchioles | Filters, warms and moistens air

Question 32

What makes up respiratory airway?

Answer 32

Respiratory bronchioles -> alveoli | Gas exchange between air and blood

Question 33

What’s the trachea?

Answer 33

12cm long C-shaped cartilage rings Trachealis muscle posteriorly Anterior to oesophagus

Question 34

What is surface anatomy of left lateral view of the lung

Answer 34

Superior lobe and inferior love separated by the oblique fissure

Question 35

Structure of the right lung

Answer 35

Superior lobe - horizontal lobe - middle lobe - oblique fissure - inferior lobe

Question 36

What rib is horizontal fissure of R rib found?

Answer 36

Rib 4

Question 37

What is surface anatomy of oblique fissure

Answer 37

Rib 6 anteriorly

Question 38

What are the locations within the right hilum?

Answer 38

Pulmonary veins - inferiorly Pulmonary arteries - middle and superior Right main bronchus - right Pulmonary ligament

Question 39

Locations within the left lung

Answer 39

Pulmonary vein - inferior Pulmonary artery - superior Left main bronchus - left Pulmonary ligament - bottom