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Histology > Chest Wall > Flashcards

Chest Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the chest wall?

A

Ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternum

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2
Q

What are the true ribs?

Why?

A

Ribs 1-7

Connect directly to the sternum

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3
Q

What are the surfaces of the rib?

A

Head, angle, neck, costal groove and costal cartilage

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4
Q

Parts of the rib head?

A

Superior facet - articulates with vertebra above

Inferior facet - articulates with vertebra of the same number

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5
Q

What is found in the costal groove?

A

Neurovascular bundle

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6
Q

What are the thoracic vertebrae?

A

T1-T12 (T2-T9 are typical)

Heart shaped vertebral body

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7
Q

What are parts of vertebrae?

A

Body, vertebral foramen, pedicle, transverse process, spinous process

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8
Q

What is the vertebral joint?

A

Zygapophyseal joint

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9
Q

What is the top of manubrium?

A

Jugular notch

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10
Q

What is top of sternum called?

A

Manubrium

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11
Q

What is joint of manubrium and body of sternum?

A

Sternal angle

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12
Q

What is the site of attachment of the clavicle?

A

Articular site for clavicle

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13
Q

Where does rib 2 attach to the sternum?

A

Articular demifactets

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14
Q

What is the name of the base of the sternum?

A

Xiphoid process

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15
Q

What is the name of the joint between the body and the xiphoid?

A

Xiphisternal joint

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16
Q

What is the sternal angle the site of?

A

2nd costal cartilage

Thoracic vertebrae 4 + 5

Bifurcation of trachea

Start / End of aorta

17
Q

What’s the position of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Inferiorly and anteriorly

18
Q

What’s the position of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Inferiorly and posteriorly

19
Q

What constitutes the neurovascular bundle?

A

Intercostal vein

Intercostal artery

Intercostal nerve

20
Q

Where do posterior intercostal arteries arise from?

A

Internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian)

21
Q

Where does the intercostal artery run?

A

The costal groove

22
Q

What side is the azygos vein found?

A

Right

23
Q

What side is the hemiazygos vein and accessory hemiazygos vein found?

A

Left

24
Q

Where does the azygos vein drain into?

A

Superior vena cava

25
Q

Where does the anterior intercostal vein drain into?

A

The internal thoracic vein, which drains into the brachiocephalic veins

26
Q

Where does the collateral branch run?

A

Superior surface of the below rib

27
Q

What is the origin of the nerves of the NVB

A

Ventral ramus of spinal nerves T1-T11. T12 is termed a sub-costal nerve.

28
Q

What are the 9 components of the respiratory system?

A

Nose, pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx), larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

29
Q

What constitutes the upper respiratory system?

A

Nose and pharynx

30
Q

What constitutes the lower respiratory system?

A

Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

31
Q

What makes the conducting airway?

A

Nose - terminal bronchioles

Filters, warms and moistens air

32
Q

What makes up respiratory airway?

A

Respiratory bronchioles -> alveoli

Gas exchange between air and blood

33
Q

What’s the trachea?

A

12cm long

C-shaped cartilage rings

Trachealis muscle posteriorly

Anterior to oesophagus

34
Q

What is surface anatomy of left lateral view of the lung

A

Superior lobe and inferior love separated by the oblique fissure

35
Q

Structure of the right lung

A

Superior lobe - horizontal lobe - middle lobe - oblique fissure - inferior lobe

36
Q

What rib is horizontal fissure of R rib found?

A

Rib 4

37
Q

What is surface anatomy of oblique fissure

A

Rib 6 anteriorly

38
Q

What are the locations within the right hilum?

A

Pulmonary veins - inferiorly
Pulmonary arteries - middle and superior
Right main bronchus - right
Pulmonary ligament

39
Q

Locations within the left lung

A

Pulmonary vein - inferior
Pulmonary artery - superior
Left main bronchus - left
Pulmonary ligament - bottom

Histology (3 decks)

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