Chest Wall Flashcards
What makes up the chest wall?
Ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternum
What are the true ribs?
Why?
Ribs 1-7
Connect directly to the sternum
What are the surfaces of the rib?
Head, angle, neck, costal groove and costal cartilage
Parts of the rib head?
Superior facet - articulates with vertebra above
Inferior facet - articulates with vertebra of the same number
What is found in the costal groove?
Neurovascular bundle
What are the thoracic vertebrae?
T1-T12 (T2-T9 are typical)
Heart shaped vertebral body
What are parts of vertebrae?
Body, vertebral foramen, pedicle, transverse process, spinous process
What is the vertebral joint?
Zygapophyseal joint
What is the top of manubrium?
Jugular notch
What is top of sternum called?
Manubrium
What is joint of manubrium and body of sternum?
Sternal angle
What is the site of attachment of the clavicle?
Articular site for clavicle
Where does rib 2 attach to the sternum?
Articular demifactets
What is the name of the base of the sternum?
Xiphoid process
What is the name of the joint between the body and the xiphoid?
Xiphisternal joint
What is the sternal angle the site of?
2nd costal cartilage
Thoracic vertebrae 4 + 5
Bifurcation of trachea
Start / End of aorta
What’s the position of the external intercostal muscles?
Inferiorly and anteriorly
What’s the position of the internal intercostal muscles?
Inferiorly and posteriorly
What constitutes the neurovascular bundle?
Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerve
Where do posterior intercostal arteries arise from?
Internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian)
Where does the intercostal artery run?
The costal groove
What side is the azygos vein found?
Right
What side is the hemiazygos vein and accessory hemiazygos vein found?
Left
Where does the azygos vein drain into?
Superior vena cava
Where does the anterior intercostal vein drain into?
The internal thoracic vein, which drains into the brachiocephalic veins
Where does the collateral branch run?
Superior surface of the below rib
What is the origin of the nerves of the NVB
Ventral ramus of spinal nerves T1-T11. T12 is termed a sub-costal nerve.
What are the 9 components of the respiratory system?
Nose, pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx), larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
What constitutes the upper respiratory system?
Nose and pharynx
What constitutes the lower respiratory system?
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
What makes the conducting airway?
Nose - terminal bronchioles
Filters, warms and moistens air
What makes up respiratory airway?
Respiratory bronchioles -> alveoli
Gas exchange between air and blood
What’s the trachea?
12cm long
C-shaped cartilage rings
Trachealis muscle posteriorly
Anterior to oesophagus
What is surface anatomy of left lateral view of the lung
Superior lobe and inferior love separated by the oblique fissure
Structure of the right lung
Superior lobe - horizontal lobe - middle lobe - oblique fissure - inferior lobe
What rib is horizontal fissure of R rib found?
Rib 4
What is surface anatomy of oblique fissure
Rib 6 anteriorly
What are the locations within the right hilum?
Pulmonary veins - inferiorly
Pulmonary arteries - middle and superior
Right main bronchus - right
Pulmonary ligament
Locations within the left lung
Pulmonary vein - inferior
Pulmonary artery - superior
Left main bronchus - left
Pulmonary ligament - bottom
