Chest & Thorax

Question 1

Most Common Chest Masses:

Answer 1

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)
Pulmonary Sequestration

Question 2

Pericardial Teratomas

Answer 2

Rare. Detected as a large bulky heterogeneous solid mass. asoc with pericardial effusion. heart may not be recognizable.

Question 3

Cardia Rhabdomyomas

Answer 3

MOST COMMON CONGENITAL TUMOR OF THE HEART. well-defined echogenic masses usually located in the ventricular or septal wall.

Question 4

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Answer 4

the most common developmental abnormality of the diaphragm. most commonly on the LEFT side. fluid filled stomach is found in the chest. heart is displaced to the right & its usually easy to see on US.

Question 5

CDH- Right Side

Answer 5

liver moves into the chest cavity. its solid echotexture may be harder to recognize. heart is displaced to the left. color doppler might help visualize the portal veins.

Question 6

CDH

Answer 6

Stomach liver intestines and spleen can herniate into the chest. herniation of viscera may be intermittent so that the size and contents of the hernia may conceivably change from 1 exam to the next.

Question 7

Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM)

Answer 7

Rare. appears on US as a solid or cystic mass (tumor) of pulmonary tissue that has an abundance of bronchial structures. typically unilateral. Macrocystic (2-10 cm). Microcystic (<.5 cm)

Question 8

Pulmonary Sequestration

Answer 8

A pulmonary sequestration is a cystic piece of abnormal lung tissue that does not work like normal lung tissue. usually appears next to the lung. Intralobar or Extralobar

Question 9

Extralobar Sequestrations (ELS)

Answer 9

More common of the 2 types. Results from the growth of an anomalous or supernumerary lung bud. More common in males & majority occur at the left lung base. can be seen early as 16 weeks. more are homogeneous.

Question 10

Pleural Effusion

Answer 10

Chylothorax is the most frequent cause of an isolated pleural effusion leading to respiratory distress in the new born.
Any fluid in the pleural space is abnormal. One of the earliest signs of hydrops

Question 11

Spalding’s Sign

Answer 11

collapse and overriding of the fetal cranial bones

Question 12

Lithopedion

Answer 12

rare. stone baby which occurs most commonly when a fetus dies during an ectopic pregnancy.

Question 13

Retained Products of Conception (RPOC)

Answer 13

US Findings:
Endometrial Mass
Complex Fluid
Thickened endometrium