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MB3 CLASP Anatomy Radiology > Chest Radiology > Flashcards

Chest Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

assessing inspiration in CXR?

A

> 6 ribs visible

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2
Q

assessing rotation in CXR

A

medial ends of clavicle should be equidistant from spinous processes

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3
Q

what projection should a CXR be in generally and why is this best

A

standing PA

allows measurement of CTR and prevents unwanted enlargement of organs due to xray beam projection

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4
Q

what lung hila sits higher

A

left generally

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5
Q

what hemidiaphragm sits higher

A

right

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6
Q

review areas for CXR?

A

apices
retrocardiac
beneath diaphragm
edges of radiograph

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7
Q

what possible missed findings may be seen at lung apices

A

pancoast tumour

PTX

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8
Q

what possible missed findings may be seen at edges of radiograph and others

A

fracture
subcut emphysema
soft tissue injury
past surgery

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9
Q

what possible missed findings may be seen behind heart

A

consolidation
hiatus hernia
mass

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10
Q

what possible missed findings may be seen beneath diaphragm

A

pneumoperitoneum
NG placement
bowel obstruction

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11
Q

cause of lung lobe collapse

A

tumour
aspiration
mucus impaction
foreign body

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12
Q

features of LL lobe collapse

A

increased density in retrocardiac region
loss of clarity of left medial hemidiaphragm
left hila displaced down
triangle of opacity

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13
Q

features of LU lobe collapse

A

elevation of left hemidiaphragm

veil like opacity with difficulty finding left heart border

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14
Q

features of RU lobe collapse

A

increased density in upper zone of right lung with demarcation by horizontal fissure
volume loss
golden S sign
density in RU zone and elevated horizontal fissure

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15
Q

features of RM lobe collapse

A

loss of right heart border
visible right hemidiaphragm
right lower zone density

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16
Q

features of RL lobe collapse

A

sparing of right heart border but loss of right hemidiaphragm
increased lower zone density

17
Q

features of RM and RL lobe collapse

A

volume loss and loss of right heart border and hemidiaphragm
depression of horizontal and oblique fissure

18
Q

describe why collapse of RM and RL lobe commonly occur together

A

obstruction of the middle and lower bronchi is possible more commonly due to blockage of bronchus intermedius

19
Q

how can consolidation be differentiated from collapse

A

generally not as much volume loss

20
Q

what does consolidation of the lingula lead to radiologically

A

loss of left heart border

21
Q

what is an air bronchogram

A

bronchus contains air but lung does not

22
Q

where would you be likely to find a small PTX

A

lung apex

23
Q

escess fluid in the pleural space may be seen by what radiologically?

A

blunting of costophrenic angles

24
Q

ABCDE features of heart failure on CXR

A 
Alveolar oedema - bat wing 
Kerley B lines 
Cardiomegaly 
Dilated upper lobe vessels 
Pleural Effusion
25
Q

normal placement features of ETT

A

5cm above carina
2/3rd tracheal diameter
cuff not expanding trachea

26
Q

normal placement features of NG tube

A

subdiaphragmatic, overlying gastric bubble and should pass about 10cm past gastro-oesophageal junction

27
Q

possible areas of malposition of ETT

A

extension past carina
extension to right main bronchus
oesophagus

28
Q

possible areas of malposition of NG tube

A

coiled in upper airway
stuck in oesophagus
trachea or R/L main bronchus
Intracranial

29
Q

where are central venous catheters inserted and what is their correct placement?

A

subclavian or internal jugular

cavoatrial junction, roughly anterior end of right 2nd rib

30
Q

possible areas of malpiosition of central line

A

tip too high in prox SVC
tip too low in RA/RV
displacement into another vein

31
Q

how may a mass appear on CXR

A

discrete mass/masses or secondary features like collapse

32
Q

use of contrast CT in masses?

A

tumour size
biopsy
metastasis

33
Q

use of FDG-PET CT in masses

A

nodal, distant mets or finding mass in an area of collapse

34
Q

what may be the cause of pneumoperitoneum

A

perforation of stomach, colon, duodenum, small intestine

35
Q

features of PE on CXR

A

normal/non specific

usually to exclude other causes

36
Q

gold standard for PE

A

CTPA

37
Q

Indication for V/Q scan?

A

defects caused by clot
very mild ambulatory pt
pt not suited to CTPA

MB3 CLASP Anatomy Radiology (2 decks)

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