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MB3 CLASP Anatomy Radiology > Brain Radiology > Flashcards

Brain Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

cause of ischaemic stroke

A 
cardiac embolism
paradoxical embolism
air embolus 
fat embolus 
atherosclerotic thrombus/embolus 
arterial dissection
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2
Q

what area does ACA supply

A

inferior temporal lobe and central parasagittal strip

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3
Q

what area does PCA supply

A

occipital lobe and posterior temporal lobe

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4
Q

what area does MCA supply

A

large portion of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

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5
Q

true/false - loss of one ICA compromises brain blood flow

A

false - it shouldnt theoretically due to the circle of willis but there are exceptions

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6
Q

how may CT immediately following stroke appear

A

generally will appear normal

may see hyperdense intravascular thrombus

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7
Q

how may CT hours following stroke appear

A

hypoattentuation of affected area, lost grey/white matter contour, cortex involvement, swelling and loss of gyri/sulci
mass effect

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8
Q

how may CT months following stroke appear

A

gliosis of affected area

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9
Q

what colour is acute blood on unenhanced CT

A

white

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10
Q

what is an intra-axial brain bleed

A

brain bleed within parenchyma of the brain

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11
Q

what is an extra-axial brain bleed

A

brain bleed outside of brain parenchyma but inside skull

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12
Q

where would a bleed from severe hypertension possibly ocvcur

A

thalamus

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13
Q

cause of epidural haematoma, radiological features

A

trauma, skull fracture, often MM artery
biconvex lentiform shape limited by cranial sutures
can lead to mass effect or herniation
sulcal effacement

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14
Q

cause of subdural haematoma, radiological features

A

NAI, falls in elderly or RTA in young
semilunar shape and crosses sutures
possible mass effect

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15
Q

cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage, radiological features

A

usually berry aneurism, can be AVM or trauma

high attentuated blood in SA space, suprasellar cistern, sylvian fissures and sulcu

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16
Q

complications of SAH

A

vasospasm
infarct
hydrocephalus

17
Q

what colour does blood appear on CT in a subacute brain haemorrhage

A

isodense with brain parenchyma

18
Q

what colour does blood appear on CT in a chronic bleed

A

hypodense to brain parenchyma

19
Q

following diagnosis of SAH, what test is indicated and why

A

CT cerebral angiography to look for berry aneurism or AVM

20
Q

majority of brain masses in adults are due to?

A

metastatic disease

21
Q

majority of brain masses in children are due to?

A

primary lesions

22
Q

most common sites of mets to brain

A

lung, breast, melanoma, renal cell, colorectal

23
Q

how may a metastatic tumour appear on imaging

A

lots of oedema, mass effect, well enhancing

24
Q

how may primary tumours appear on imaging

A

degree of oedema, mass effect and enhancement depends on grading

25
Q

how can a brain mass be differentiated radiologically from stroke

A

not wedge shaped, or affecting cortex often

26
Q

what is tonsilar herniation and why is it an emergency

A

descent of cerebellar tonsils below foramen magnum, coning

can compress pons and medulla against clivus leading to alteration of life sustaining functions

27
Q

how can SAH lead to hydrocephalus

A

blockage of resorption of CSF

28
Q

where is the conus medullaris generally located

A

L1

29
Q

causes of spinal cord compression

A 
Disc protrusion/extrusion, discitis osteomyelitis 
trauma 
tumour 
epidural abscess/haematoma 
spinal meningioma
nerve sheath tumour
30
Q

investigation of spinal cord compression

A

MRI

31
Q

red flags for spinal cord compression

A

hx cancer
major trauma
thoracic/radicular pain
constant and progressive non mechanical pain
systemic unwell
loss power LL
grossly abnormal neuro signs/symptoms
loss of sensation and saddle anaesthesia
urinary retention, faecal and urinary incontinence

MB3 CLASP Anatomy Radiology (2 decks)

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