Chest Radiography- 166 Flashcards
Chest anatomy is divided into 3 parts, name them:
Bony Thorax, Respiratory System, & Mediastinum
Name the Top 10 of the Chest (must be included in the radiograph)
1.) Apices of lungs
2.) Clavicle
3.) Right & Left Hemidiaphragm
4.) Costophrenic Angles
5.) Trachea
6.) Ribs
7.) Heart
8.) Sternum
9.) Thoracic Vertebrae
10.) Hilum
How many parts are there to the sternum?
3
Name the 3 bones that make up the sternum.
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
What vertebrae hosts the name “Vertebra Prominens”?
C7
What are 3 body positioning landmarks on the sternum?
Jugular Notch, Suprasternal Notch, Manubrial Notch
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
What are the 2 primary functions of the respiratory system?
Obtain Oxygen, Remove Carbon Dioxide
What 3 parts make up your pharynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
What four parts make up the respiratory system proper?
Larynx, Trachea, Right & Left Bronchi, & Lungs
What is your larynx commonly known as?
Voice Box
How long is your larynx typically?
1.5” to 2” in length
What vertebrae does your larynx run from?
C3-C6
Framework of larynx consists of __________.
Cartilages
What cartilages make up the larynx?
Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage, & Epiglottis
What bone is your larynx suspended by?
Hyoid Bone
What is your trachea commonly known as?
Windpipe
Is your trachea anterior or posterior to your esophagus?
Anterior
In diameter, how big is your trachea?
3/4”
About how long is your trachea?
4.5” long
What vertebrae does your trachea (approximately) start and end at?
C6-T5
Your trachea splits at the _________.
Carina
About what level does your carina bifurcate?
T5
How many lobes does your right lung have?
3
How many lobes make up your left lung?
2
Which lung is shorter and broader? Why?
Right Lung; because it rests on the liver
What types of pleura surround the lungs?
Parietal Pleura & Visceral Pleura
What is the pleural cavity?
The potential space between the pleura
What is a pneumothorax?
This is when air is present in the space, also known as a collapsed lung
What is pleural effusion?
This is where fluid is present in the pleural cavity
What is a hemothorax?
This is where blood is present in the pleural cavity
What makes up the mediastinum?
Thymus gland, Heart & other great vessels, Trachea, and Esophagus
What are some common indications for chest radiography?
Dyspnea (SOB), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Emphysema, Bronchitis, & Pneumonia
What are the 2 routine chest projections?
PA & Lateral
Why PA as opposed to AP?
Your heart lies anterior in your chest, this projection puts the heart closest to the IR, which decreases magnification of the heart shadow
On a PA projection, where should the CR be?
T7, midsagittal
A true PA has rotation, true or false?
False, a PA has no rotation
In a PA projection, you should have your patient:
Relax their shoulders, roll their shoulders forward, lift their chin (to avoid soft tissue in the radiograph)
In a PA chest, what should the IR be?
14 x 17 crosswise
In a PA chest, what should your technique be?
110-125 kVp at 3 mAs
Wall Bucky Receptor
Large Focal Spot
In a PA chest, what should your SID (source image receptor distance) be?
72”
Where should the marker be?
Place left marker above left shoulder, making sure it is placed in the collimator light
Why are breathing instructions important?
Chest/Lung movements can cause a blur in the image
You should expose the patient after the 1st inspiration, true or false
False, after the 2nd inspiration, it allows for air to be in the lung
Why place the patient in an erect position?
It allows the diaphragm to move down further, demonstrates air-fluid levels, and prevents engorgement of pulmonary vessels
A minimum of ____ posterior ribs must be visualized on a chest radiograph.
10
Accept or Reject: ABCDE method, state what each letter stands for
A: all required anatomy
B: body positioned correctly
C & D: contrast and density appropriate
E: everything else acceptable
- correct markers in correct position w/o obscuring anatomy
- appropriate radiation protection
- no preventable artifacts
In a left lateral projection of the chest, which side is closest to the IR?
Left
In a true lateral, is there any rotation?
No rotation
Do you raise the arms of the patient in a lateral chest x-ray?
Yes
In a lateral chest, what level does the CR hit?
T7 & Midthorax
In a lateral chest, what size should the IR be?
14x17, lengthwise
What technique should be used for a lateral chest?
110-125 kVp at 10 mAs
Wall Bucky Receptor
Large Focal Spot
What is the SID in a lateral chest?
72”
What marker should you use in a lateral chest?
Left marker anterior and superior
Should your patients hips be squared in a left lateral erect?
Yes
What breathing instructions should you give your patient for a PA or Lateral chest?
Double Inspirations, “Take a deep breath in, and then out, and then when you breath in the second time, hold your breath”
What are the 4 types of body habitus?
Hypersthenic
Asthenic
Sthenic
Hyposthenic
What body habitus makes up 35% of the population, is in the middle of the average sthenic and a frailer asthenic body habitus?
Hyposthenic
What body habitus makes up 5% of the population, has a broader and deeper thorax from anterior to posterior, but is shallow vertically?
Hypersthenic
What body habitus makes up 10% of the population, has a narrow thorax and is vertically long?
Asthenic
What is the average body habitus, that is moderately short, broad, and deep. This makes up 50% of the population.
Sthenic
What are some special projections of the chest?
AP supine or semi-erect, Cart Chest, Lateral Decubitus, AP Lordotic
An AP chest can be done when patients are _________ to leave their room.
Unable
When a chest projection is done AP, you should always indicate if a projection is done AP, true or false.
True
In an AP chest, you should be sure to indicate the amount of erectness, true or false.
True
What type of projection is used to evaluate pleural effusions on the side down and pneumothorax on the side up?
Lateral Decubitus Chest
What projection is performed to rule out calcificatiosn and masses on and in apices of lungs?
AP Lordotic
Describe an AP Lordotic Projection Position.
Patient stands 1’ away from the IR, leans back onto it
