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Rad Tech > Chest Radiography- 166 > Flashcards

Chest Radiography- 166 Flashcards

1
Q

Chest anatomy is divided into 3 parts, name them:

A

Bony Thorax, Respiratory System, & Mediastinum

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2
Q

Name the Top 10 of the Chest (must be included in the radiograph)

A

1.) Apices of lungs
2.) Clavicle
3.) Right & Left Hemidiaphragm
4.) Costophrenic Angles
5.) Trachea
6.) Ribs
7.) Heart
8.) Sternum
9.) Thoracic Vertebrae
10.) Hilum

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3
Q

How many parts are there to the sternum?

A

3

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4
Q

Name the 3 bones that make up the sternum.

A

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

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5
Q

What vertebrae hosts the name “Vertebra Prominens”?

A

C7

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6
Q

What are 3 body positioning landmarks on the sternum?

A

Jugular Notch, Suprasternal Notch, Manubrial Notch

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7
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12

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8
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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9
Q

What are the 2 primary functions of the respiratory system?

A

Obtain Oxygen, Remove Carbon Dioxide

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10
Q

What 3 parts make up your pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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11
Q

What four parts make up the respiratory system proper?

A

Larynx, Trachea, Right & Left Bronchi, & Lungs

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12
Q

What is your larynx commonly known as?

A

Voice Box

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13
Q

How long is your larynx typically?

A

1.5” to 2” in length

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14
Q

What vertebrae does your larynx run from?

A

C3-C6

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15
Q

Framework of larynx consists of __________.

A

Cartilages

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16
Q

What cartilages make up the larynx?

A

Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage, & Epiglottis

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17
Q

What bone is your larynx suspended by?

A

Hyoid Bone

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18
Q

What is your trachea commonly known as?

A

Windpipe

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19
Q

Is your trachea anterior or posterior to your esophagus?

A

Anterior

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20
Q

In diameter, how big is your trachea?

A

3/4”

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21
Q

About how long is your trachea?

A

4.5” long

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22
Q

What vertebrae does your trachea (approximately) start and end at?

A

C6-T5

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23
Q

Your trachea splits at the _________.

A

Carina

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24
Q

About what level does your carina bifurcate?

A

T5

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25
Q

How many lobes does your right lung have?

A

3

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26
Q

How many lobes make up your left lung?

A

2

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27
Q

Which lung is shorter and broader? Why?

A

Right Lung; because it rests on the liver

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28
Q

What types of pleura surround the lungs?

A

Parietal Pleura & Visceral Pleura

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29
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

The potential space between the pleura

30
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

This is when air is present in the space, also known as a collapsed lung

31
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

This is where fluid is present in the pleural cavity

32
Q

What is a hemothorax?

A

This is where blood is present in the pleural cavity

33
Q

What makes up the mediastinum?

A

Thymus gland, Heart & other great vessels, Trachea, and Esophagus

34
Q

What are some common indications for chest radiography?

A

Dyspnea (SOB), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Emphysema, Bronchitis, & Pneumonia

35
Q

What are the 2 routine chest projections?

A

PA & Lateral

36
Q

Why PA as opposed to AP?

A

Your heart lies anterior in your chest, this projection puts the heart closest to the IR, which decreases magnification of the heart shadow

37
Q

On a PA projection, where should the CR be?

A

T7, midsagittal

38
Q

A true PA has rotation, true or false?

A

False, a PA has no rotation

39
Q

In a PA projection, you should have your patient:

A

Relax their shoulders, roll their shoulders forward, lift their chin (to avoid soft tissue in the radiograph)

40
Q

In a PA chest, what should the IR be?

A

14 x 17 crosswise

41
Q

In a PA chest, what should your technique be?

A

110-125 kVp at 3 mAs
Wall Bucky Receptor
Large Focal Spot

42
Q

In a PA chest, what should your SID (source image receptor distance) be?

A

72”

43
Q

Where should the marker be?

A

Place left marker above left shoulder, making sure it is placed in the collimator light

44
Q

Why are breathing instructions important?

A

Chest/Lung movements can cause a blur in the image

45
Q

You should expose the patient after the 1st inspiration, true or false

A

False, after the 2nd inspiration, it allows for air to be in the lung

46
Q

Why place the patient in an erect position?

A

It allows the diaphragm to move down further, demonstrates air-fluid levels, and prevents engorgement of pulmonary vessels

47
Q

A minimum of ____ posterior ribs must be visualized on a chest radiograph.

A

10

48
Q

Accept or Reject: ABCDE method, state what each letter stands for

A

A: all required anatomy
B: body positioned correctly
C & D: contrast and density appropriate
E: everything else acceptable
- correct markers in correct position w/o obscuring anatomy
- appropriate radiation protection
- no preventable artifacts

49
Q

In a left lateral projection of the chest, which side is closest to the IR?

A

Left

50
Q

In a true lateral, is there any rotation?

A

No rotation

51
Q

Do you raise the arms of the patient in a lateral chest x-ray?

A

Yes

52
Q

In a lateral chest, what level does the CR hit?

A

T7 & Midthorax

53
Q

In a lateral chest, what size should the IR be?

A

14x17, lengthwise

54
Q

What technique should be used for a lateral chest?

A

110-125 kVp at 10 mAs
Wall Bucky Receptor
Large Focal Spot

55
Q

What is the SID in a lateral chest?

A

72”

56
Q

What marker should you use in a lateral chest?

A

Left marker anterior and superior

57
Q

Should your patients hips be squared in a left lateral erect?

A

Yes

58
Q

What breathing instructions should you give your patient for a PA or Lateral chest?

A

Double Inspirations, “Take a deep breath in, and then out, and then when you breath in the second time, hold your breath”

59
Q

What are the 4 types of body habitus?

A

Hypersthenic
Asthenic
Sthenic
Hyposthenic

60
Q

What body habitus makes up 35% of the population, is in the middle of the average sthenic and a frailer asthenic body habitus?

A

Hyposthenic

61
Q

What body habitus makes up 5% of the population, has a broader and deeper thorax from anterior to posterior, but is shallow vertically?

A

Hypersthenic

62
Q

What body habitus makes up 10% of the population, has a narrow thorax and is vertically long?

A

Asthenic

63
Q

What is the average body habitus, that is moderately short, broad, and deep. This makes up 50% of the population.

A

Sthenic

64
Q

What are some special projections of the chest?

A

AP supine or semi-erect, Cart Chest, Lateral Decubitus, AP Lordotic

65
Q

An AP chest can be done when patients are _________ to leave their room.

A

Unable

66
Q

When a chest projection is done AP, you should always indicate if a projection is done AP, true or false.

A

True

67
Q

In an AP chest, you should be sure to indicate the amount of erectness, true or false.

A

True

68
Q

What type of projection is used to evaluate pleural effusions on the side down and pneumothorax on the side up?

A

Lateral Decubitus Chest

69
Q

What projection is performed to rule out calcificatiosn and masses on and in apices of lungs?

A

AP Lordotic

70
Q

Describe an AP Lordotic Projection Position.

A

Patient stands 1’ away from the IR, leans back onto it

Rad Tech (6 decks)

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