Chest Pathology Flashcards
Atelectasis
collapse of a lung or a lobe of a lung. From a blockage of the bronchi as a response there is fluid buildup shown on X-ray by areas of consolidation.
Cardiomegaly
An enlarged heart, which is usually a sign of another condition.
On X-ray the Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is used, if the heart it occupies more than half of the thoracic horizon there is Cardiomegaly. Heart should be 1/3 of thorax.
Common causes •Cardiac failure •COPD •Ischaemic heart disease •Scleroderma •Hypotension
Consolidation
Build up of fluid in the lungs (fluid in pulmonary cavity)
- Dense white relatively homogenous opacification
- Ill-defined edges except where it contacts pleura
- May look hazy like ground glass, fluffy, or flocculent
- Air bronchograms may be visible
- The normal pulmonary vasculature is obscured
- May be diffuse, patchy, segmental, or lobar distribution
- The sillhouette sign can help locate it
- No or minimal volume loss associated (to compare with collapse, discussed later)
Pulmonary Edema
ncreased fluid in the alveolar walls.
Plural Effusion
Fluid in the plural space, shown on X-ray by blunting of the lung bases
Emphysema
that causes shortness of breath.
In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture
— creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. This reduces the surface area of the lungs and, in turn, the amount of oxygen that reaches your bloodstream.
When you exhale, the damaged alveoli don’t work properly and old air becomes trapped, leaving no room for fresh, oxygen-rich air to enter.
Most people with emphysema also have COPD
Fibrosis
an excess of fibrotic tissue in the lung. Pulmonary fibrosis causes reticular (net-like) shadowing of the lung peripheries
Hernia
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Inflammation
.
Mass
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Nodule
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Pleural thickening
.
Pneumonia
.
Pneumothorax
Collapse of the lung where by air releases through the plural cavity, shown by a lack of lung markings
