Chest Lecture 2

Question 1

Incomplete inflation of the lung

Answer 1

Atelectasis

Question 2

Direct signs of atelectasis

Answer 2

Displaced fissures, increased radiodensity

Question 3

Indirect signs of atelectasis

Answer 3

Elevated diaphragm
Approximation of the vessels, bronchi and ribs
Displacement of the mediastinum and hilum

Question 4

MC type of atelectasis

Answer 4

Obstructive

Question 5

A bulla taking up space presses on the lungs, what type of atelectasis is this?

Answer 5

Compressive

Question 6

Pneumothorax causes incomplete filling of the lung, what type of atelectasis is this?

Answer 6

Passive

Question 7

Scars interfere with lung filling what type of atelectasis is this?

Answer 7

Contraction

Question 8

Alveola collapse and can’t fill with air, what type of atelectasis is this?

Answer 8

Adhesive

Question 9

Asthma due to environmental exposure

Answer 9

Extrinsic

Question 10

Asthma associated w/ immune response

Answer 10

Intrinsic

Question 11

Image findings in an acute asthma attack

Answer 11

Hyperinflation

Question 12

Image findings in chronic asthma patient

Answer 12

Normal to prominent interstitia, possibly thick bronchi

Question 13

Chronic irreversible dilation of the bronchi

Answer 13

Bronchiectasis

Question 14

Subtypes of bronchiectasis

Answer 14

Cylindrical, varicose, saccular

Question 15

What are hallmarks of bronchiectasis

Answer 15

Thick bronchial walls, altered lung volume, very evident on CT

Question 16

What causes a congenital bronchogenic cyst

Answer 16

Outpouching of the primitive foregut separated from the airway

Question 17

80% of congenital bronchogenic cysts are _________

Answer 17

Mediastinal

Question 18

What is bronchopulmonic sequesteration?

Answer 18

Congenital malformation of the foregut resulting in a portion of lung being isolated

Question 19

How does bronchopulmonic sequesteration appear?

Answer 19

Radiodense mass above/below the diaphragm

Question 20

60% of bronchopulmonic sequesterations form on the ______

Answer 20

Right

Question 21

Chronic dilation of air space distal to the terminal bronchi; results in acinar wall destruction

Answer 21

Emphysema

Question 22

Appearance of emphysema

Answer 22

Depressed diaphragm
Lung overinflation
Increased pulmonary radiolucency (more air)
Increased retrosternal space (l. lat. film)
Accentuated kyphosis
Increased intercostal space
Prominent hilar vasculature
Bullae formation