Chest and Ribs (extra) Flashcards
SID for apical/lordotic chest
72”
set up for apical/lordotic chest
chest is tipped and CR is slightly off perpendicular to film
or
chest is parallel to film and CR is tilted 15 degrees with 72”SID
what does the apical/lordotic chest project?
clavicles
right lateral decubitus
right lateral indicates body position
decubitus indicates CR is parallel to floor and IR is vertical
deep inspiration is absolutely necessary for which film? why?
chest films
to demonstrate lung’s ability to aerate
how should the chest films be taken?
upright to demonstrate fluid levels
or
decubitus can be done
how should you shield? why?
shield front of pelvis because most scatter ricochets back from bucky because of high kVp and easily penetrated lung tissue
posterior oblique film size
14x17 vertical
how do you set up the patient for a posterior oblique ribs?
rotate unaffected side 45 degrees away from the bucky
if the affected rib is above the diaphragm, where should the cassette be for posteiror oblique ribs?
top of cassette 1 1/2” above VP
inspiration
if the affected rib is below the diaphragm, where should the cassette be for posterior oblique ribs?
bottom of cassette at crest
expiration
what are the most common radiographic exams performed on pediatric patients and toddlers?
chest
abdomen
bone survey
extremities
what can be the result of improper restraint during an infant xray?
displaced ribs
correct immobilization procedures for children xray?
place blanket covered film on table
lay child on film
have one person hold the arms up over the baby’s head
have another person hold baby’s waist and legs
what can help with xraying infants?
swaddling
can you use shields for an abdominal xray?
yes, if they are male and it doesn’t interfere with abdominal anatomy
radiographic quality is determined by?
a balanced contrast and density
correct anatomy placement
density
overall blackening of the film
controlled by mAs
contrast
difference between adjacent densities on a radiograph or varying shades of grey on film
controlled by kVp
other influencing factors of radiographic quality
amount and/or type of tissue, collimation, filtration and grids, SID, processing
rule of 3
if you increase distance, you increase mAs by 3
if you decrease distance, 1/3 mAs
what do you do if the xray is too dark?
1/2 mAs
what do you do if the xray is too light?
double mAs
describe screen speed
200 (slow), 400 (fast)
smaller the crystals, smaller the screen, the better the quality, get 4x amount of xray (for 200)
grid
only allows xrays going straight to get onto the film
scatter
xrays bouncing in all directions
caused by increasing kVp and having a larger patient
mAs
milliamerage, time
why do we use a grid?
density decreases
what happens if the developer temperature is too hot?
film is going to be too dark
do we usually repeat for bad contrast?
no
how do you find mAs?
mA x seconds
when do you change the kVp?
if you can see the bone
if you can’t increase kVp by 15%
if you have to change the SID, what do you do?
3x mAs if going from 40 to 72
1/3 mAs if going from 72 to 40
why are PA and left lateral chest done at 72”? why is it done PA and not AP?
to keep distortion of the heart from happening
when did a patient take a deep enough breath with a PA chest?
7 anterior ribs, 10 posterior ribs
if you used the correct kVp, how many ribs should you be able to see?
4 ribs
apical lordotic chest is done to?
see the apex of the lungs
done when suspecting tuberculosis
left lateral decubitus chest is done to assess?
air fluid levels in the lungs
has to have CR parallel to floor
universal abdominal series
recumbent
upright
to evaluate air fluid levels
upright abdomen must?
diaphragm
2” above crest
recumbent abdomen must?
bladder
1” above crest
recumbent abdomen is also known as?
upright, KUB, scout
what does the Palmer clinics do for abdomen?
KUB only
clinic rib series
AP unilateral
posterior oblique
PA chest
ribs are done recumbent
why do we take a chest Xray in a rib series in clinic?
to check for pneumothorax
universal routine ribe series
AP or PA ribs
posteiror oblique ribs
PA chest
why do we put aflm on top of the table for infant?
baby shouldn’t produce that amount of scatter
4x less xrays
