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Rad positioning extremities > Chest and Ribs (extra) > Flashcards

Chest and Ribs (extra) Flashcards

1
Q

SID for apical/lordotic chest

A

72”

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2
Q

set up for apical/lordotic chest

A

chest is tipped and CR is slightly off perpendicular to film
or
chest is parallel to film and CR is tilted 15 degrees with 72”SID

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3
Q

what does the apical/lordotic chest project?

A

clavicles

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4
Q

right lateral decubitus

A

right lateral indicates body position

decubitus indicates CR is parallel to floor and IR is vertical

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5
Q

deep inspiration is absolutely necessary for which film? why?

A

chest films

to demonstrate lung’s ability to aerate

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6
Q

how should the chest films be taken?

A

upright to demonstrate fluid levels
or
decubitus can be done

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7
Q

how should you shield? why?

A

shield front of pelvis because most scatter ricochets back from bucky because of high kVp and easily penetrated lung tissue

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8
Q

posterior oblique film size

A

14x17 vertical

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9
Q

how do you set up the patient for a posterior oblique ribs?

A

rotate unaffected side 45 degrees away from the bucky

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10
Q

if the affected rib is above the diaphragm, where should the cassette be for posteiror oblique ribs?

A

top of cassette 1 1/2” above VP

inspiration

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11
Q

if the affected rib is below the diaphragm, where should the cassette be for posterior oblique ribs?

A

bottom of cassette at crest

expiration

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12
Q

what are the most common radiographic exams performed on pediatric patients and toddlers?

A

chest
abdomen
bone survey
extremities

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13
Q

what can be the result of improper restraint during an infant xray?

A

displaced ribs

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14
Q

correct immobilization procedures for children xray?

A

place blanket covered film on table
lay child on film
have one person hold the arms up over the baby’s head
have another person hold baby’s waist and legs

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15
Q

what can help with xraying infants?

A

swaddling

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16
Q

can you use shields for an abdominal xray?

A

yes, if they are male and it doesn’t interfere with abdominal anatomy

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17
Q

radiographic quality is determined by?

A

a balanced contrast and density

correct anatomy placement

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18
Q

density

A

overall blackening of the film

controlled by mAs

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19
Q

contrast

A

difference between adjacent densities on a radiograph or varying shades of grey on film
controlled by kVp

20
Q

other influencing factors of radiographic quality

A

amount and/or type of tissue, collimation, filtration and grids, SID, processing

21
Q

rule of 3

A

if you increase distance, you increase mAs by 3

if you decrease distance, 1/3 mAs

22
Q

what do you do if the xray is too dark?

A

1/2 mAs

23
Q

what do you do if the xray is too light?

A

double mAs

24
Q

describe screen speed

A

200 (slow), 400 (fast)

smaller the crystals, smaller the screen, the better the quality, get 4x amount of xray (for 200)

25
Q

grid

A

only allows xrays going straight to get onto the film

26
Q

scatter

A

xrays bouncing in all directions

caused by increasing kVp and having a larger patient

27
Q

mAs

A

milliamerage, time

28
Q

why do we use a grid?

A

density decreases

29
Q

what happens if the developer temperature is too hot?

A

film is going to be too dark

30
Q

do we usually repeat for bad contrast?

A

no

31
Q

how do you find mAs?

A

mA x seconds

32
Q

when do you change the kVp?

A

if you can see the bone

if you can’t increase kVp by 15%

33
Q

if you have to change the SID, what do you do?

A

3x mAs if going from 40 to 72

1/3 mAs if going from 72 to 40

34
Q

why are PA and left lateral chest done at 72”? why is it done PA and not AP?

A

to keep distortion of the heart from happening

35
Q

when did a patient take a deep enough breath with a PA chest?

A

7 anterior ribs, 10 posterior ribs

36
Q

if you used the correct kVp, how many ribs should you be able to see?

A

4 ribs

37
Q

apical lordotic chest is done to?

A

see the apex of the lungs

done when suspecting tuberculosis

38
Q

left lateral decubitus chest is done to assess?

A

air fluid levels in the lungs

has to have CR parallel to floor

39
Q

universal abdominal series

A

recumbent
upright
to evaluate air fluid levels

40
Q

upright abdomen must?

A

diaphragm

2” above crest

41
Q

recumbent abdomen must?

A

bladder

1” above crest

42
Q

recumbent abdomen is also known as?

A

upright, KUB, scout

43
Q

what does the Palmer clinics do for abdomen?

A

KUB only

44
Q

clinic rib series

A

AP unilateral
posterior oblique
PA chest
ribs are done recumbent

45
Q

why do we take a chest Xray in a rib series in clinic?

A

to check for pneumothorax

46
Q

universal routine ribe series

A

AP or PA ribs
posteiror oblique ribs
PA chest

47
Q

why do we put aflm on top of the table for infant?

A

baby shouldn’t produce that amount of scatter

4x less xrays

Rad positioning extremities (8 decks)

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