Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURB 3130 > Chest and Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders > Flashcards

Chest and Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

alveoli

A
  • responsible for ventilation and oxygenation

- if deflated can cause infection and business problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atelectasis

A

closure or collapse of alveoli caused by excessive secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

causes of acute atelectasis

A
  • occurs in post op settings
  • immobile
  • anesthesia
  • supine
  • abdominal/cardiac surgery
  • abdominal distention
  • obstruction (mucus plugs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chronic atelectasis

A
  • similar to acute

- pulmonary infection may be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

symptoms of atelectasis

A
  • insidious
  • increased dyspnea
  • cough
  • sputum production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

large area of lung affected sx

A
  • marked respiratory distress
  • tachycardia
  • tachypnea
  • pleural pain
  • central cyanosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

assessment of atelectasis

A
  • increased work of breathing and hypoxemia

- decreased breath sounds and crackles over affected area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

diagnosis of atelectasis

A
  • chest x-ray

- pulse ox (less than 90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hallmarks of severity of atelectasis

A
  • tachypnea
  • dyspnea
  • mild to moderate hypoxemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

preventing atelectasis

A
  • frequent turning
  • early mobilization
  • incentive spirometer
  • tcdb
  • respiratory treatments/metered dose inhaler
  • hydration
  • monitor i&o, bun, cr
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

management of atlectasis

A
  • improve ventilation and remove secretions
  • first line measures: ICOUGH
  • other measures: PEEP, CPAB, bronchoscopy, CPT, Endotracheal intubation & mechanical ventilation, thoracentesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

classifications of pneumonia

A
  • CAP: acquired outside of hospital within 48 hrs
  • HCAP: 48 hours after hospital admission
  • VAP: 48 hrs after intubation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causative agents of pneumonia

A
  • s. pneumoniae: young with no comorbidities

- h. influenzae: elderly and those with comorbid ilnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pneumonia risk factors

A
  • Heart failure: fluid overload that travels to the lungs
  • COPD: decrease ventilation and perfusion
  • Aids & diabetes: compromised immune system
  • alcholism
  • flu: increased risk for developing pneumonia
  • cystic fibrosis: high amount of resp. secretions; recurrent pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

manifestations of pneumonia caused by strep

A
  • sudden onset of chills
  • fever
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • tachypnea
  • resp. distress (sob, tachypnea, tripod, use of accessory muscles)
17
Q

manifestations of pneumonia caused by viral, mycoplasma, or legionella

A

relative bradycardia

18
Q

pneumonia s/s

A
  • resp. tract infection
  • h/a
  • low grade fever
  • pleuritc pain
  • myalgia
  • rash
  • pharyngitis
  • orthopnea
  • crackles
  • increased tactile fremitus
  • purulent sputum
19
Q

assessment- history

A
  • recent viral infections?
  • comorbid conditions?
  • hx of asthma?
  • sputum?
  • sob?
20
Q

assessment- physical exam

A
  • vital signs
  • secretions: amount, consistency, odor, color
  • cough: frequency, severity
  • tachypnea, sob
  • inspect & auscultate chest
  • changes in mental status, fatigue, edema, anorexia, dehydration, concomitant HF
21
Q

diagnostics for pneumonia

A
  • chest x-ray: shows pattern of organism, rate of perfusion, fluid build up
  • blood cultures: detect microorganism and type of abx needed to treat it
  • sputum: rinse mouth w/ water, take several deep breaths, and cough deeply into specimen cup
  • cbc: elevated if infection is present, presence of bands indicate infection
  • O2 sat/abgs: assess for hypercapnia or acidosis
  • bronchoscopy: retain biopsies and fluid samples
  • thoracentesis: needle into pleural space and fluid drained
22
Q

bronchoscopy perioperative

A
  • preop: informed consent, iv access, pt npo for about 6 hrs before
  • intraop: monitor vs, keep surgeion updated on state of pt
  • postop: pt remains on O2 2-4 hours, return of gag reflux, chest x-ray to rule out pneumothorax
23
Q

thoracentesis perioperative

A
  • preop: informed consent
  • intraop: upright on edge of bed, leaning forward, elbows on hard surfaces, apply dressing once drained
  • postop: will need ride home, nonitor s/s of pneumothorax, s/s of infection, will need ride home
24
Q

s/s of pneumothorax

A
  • uneven respiration
  • diminished breath sounds on one side
  • dyspnea
  • sob
25
Q

medical management for pneumonia

A
  • abx

- supportive treatment: fluids, o2 for hypoxia, antipyretics, antitussives, decongestants, and antihistamines

26
Q

collaborative problems with pneumonia

A
  • continuing sx after initiation of therapy
  • sepsis and septic shock
  • resp. failure
  • atelectasis
  • pleural effusion
  • delirium
27
Q

pneumonia expected outcomes

A
  • improved breath sounds
  • decreased wbc count
  • rest, conserves energy then slowly increased activity
  • maintains adequate hydration; adequate dietary intake
  • verbalize increased knowledge about management strategies
  • exhibits no complications
28
Q

aspiration

A

inhalation of foreign material into the lungs (serious complication of pneumonia)

29
Q

s/s of aspiraiton

A
  • tachycardia
  • dyspnea
  • central cyanosis
  • htn
  • hypotension
  • death
30
Q

aspiration risk factors

A
  • seizure
  • brain injury
  • decreased loc
  • flat body position
  • stroke
  • swallowing disorder
  • cardiac arreset
31
Q

aspiration interventions

A
  • hob greater than 30
  • avoid stimulation of gag reflux with sunctioning or other procedures
  • thickened fluids for swallowing problems
32
Q

covid s/s

A
  • fever
  • nonproductive cough
  • sore throat
  • fatigue
  • myalgia
  • nasal congestion
  • n/v
  • diarrhea
  • anosmia
  • ageusia
33
Q

conservative measures for covid

A
  • rest
  • hydrate
  • take antipyretic meds
  • monitor sx
34
Q

self quarantine/isolate until

A
  • 72 hours free w/ out antipyretic meds
  • improvement in resp s/s
  • 5 days since first noted s/s
35
Q

pneumonia hospital management

A
  • pneumonia precautions
  • dvt prophylaxis
  • airborne infection, isolate rooms
  • lab testing

NURB 3130 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions