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NURB 3130 > Blood Administration and Transfusion Reactions > Flashcards

Blood Administration and Transfusion Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

requirements to donate blood

A

weight at least 110 lbs
be at least 17 years old
temp less than 99.6

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2
Q

types of blood donations

A
  • directed: blood given for a specific person
  • standard: blood given to anyone
  • autologous: gives blood for self for later potential blood loss, can be saved for 10 years
  • intraoperative blood salvage: blood is removed, filtered, and given back (unclosed system)
  • hemodilution: intraoperative (closed system)
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3
Q

complication of donating blood

A

vagus syncope

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4
Q

universal donor

A

O-

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5
Q

universal recipient

A

AB+

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6
Q

pre-transfusion assessment

A
  • previous reaction?
  • received blood products?
  • pregnancies?
  • vital signs
  • physical assessment
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7
Q

s/s of transfusion reaction

A 
chills
fever
respiratory distress
low back pain
nausea
pain at iv site
unusual feeling
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8
Q

pre-transfusion procedure

A
  • check written orders
  • educate patient
  • check id, name, and blood type (verified by two nurses)
  • check the expiration date
  • obtain second verifier to check blood info at the bed site in front of patient
  • second nurse co-signs transfusion record
  • label specimen at the bedside
  • obtain vitals
  • assessment
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9
Q

how to administer blood products

A
  • use y-type tubing with a 170-260 micro-aggregate filter
  • make sure tubing is primed with normal saline ONLY
  • take vitals, begin transfusion
  • stay with pt for at least the first 15 minutes
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10
Q

nursing management during reactions

A
  • stop transfusion
  • assess
  • notify primary provider and implement prescribed treatment
  • continue to monitor
  • return blood
  • obtain any samples
  • document
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11
Q

post-transfusion procedure

A
  • obtain vital signs
  • dispose blood administration set appropriately
  • monitor blood values as prescribed
  • complete necessary post-transfusion paperwork
  • document (if pt on i&o, total blood volume should be accounted for intake)
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12
Q

types of transfusion complications

A
  • febrile nonhemolytic reaction
  • acute hemolytic reaction
  • allergic reaction
  • circulatory overload
  • bacterial contamination
  • transfusion-related acute lung injury
  • delayed hemolytic reaction
  • disease acquisition
  • long-term transfusion therapy
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13
Q

febrile nonhemolytic reaction

A
  • caused by antibodies to donor wbc that remain in the unit of blood or blood component
  • usually occurs 2 hours after start of transfusion
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14
Q

acute hemolytic reaction

A
  • most dangerous
  • occurs from incompatibility within first 10cc of blood transfused
  • sx: fever, chills, low back pain, nausea, chest tightness, dyspnea, anxiety
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15
Q

allergic reactions

A
  • itching, flushing, urticaria

- histamine response

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16
Q

circulatory overload

A

-too much products

17
Q

bacterial contamination

A
  • can occur anytime during process

- blood has to be transfused within 4 hours because the warmer the blood is the more bacteria grows

18
Q

delayed hemolytic reaction

A
  • can occur up to 14 days after the transfusion

- jaundice

19
Q

long-term transfusion therapy

A

occurs with multiple transfusion patients such as anemia and sickle cell patients

20
Q

pharmacologic alternatives to blood transfusions

A
  • growth factors: increases the body’s production of blood cells
  • erythropoietin: stimulates erythropoiesis for pt with chronic anemia
  • granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: stimulates proliferation and differentiation of myeloid stem cells
  • granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor: stimulates myelopoiesis
  • thrombopoietin: increases platelet formation
21
Q

packed red blood cells

A
  • needs to be transfused within 4 hours

- used for hemorrhage, surgery, trauma, burn, shock, anemia

22
Q

frozen RBC

A
  • prepared from rbc using glycerol for protection and then frozen
  • must be used within 24 hours of thawing
  • used for autotransfusions: infrequently used because filters remove most of wbc
23
Q

platelets

A
  • needs to be transfused for 15-30 minutes
  • bag must be agitated
  • used for bleeding caused by the inability to coagulate
  • reactions: febrile, sepsis
24
Q

fresh frozen plasma

A
  • liquid portion of whole blood
  • transfuses for 30-60 minutes
  • used for bleeding caused by deficiency in clotting factors
  • reactions: acute hemolytic, febrile, mild allergic, hypervolemia, anaphylactic, sepsis
25
Q

albumin

A
  • prepared from plasma
  • available in 5% (1-10 ml/min) or 25% (4ml/min)
  • used for hypoalbuminemia
  • reaction: hypervolemia, pulmonary edema
26
Q

cyroprecipitates and commercial concentrates

A
  • prepared form fresh frozen plasma

- used in treating hemophilia and for replacement of clotting factors, especially VIII and fibrinogen

NURB 3130 (7 decks)

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