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3 differentials > chest > Flashcards

chest Flashcards

1
Q

solitary pulmonary noude

A
  • Granuloma
  • Neoplasm- bronchogenic ca or solitary metastasis
  • Hamartoma
  • Arteriovenous malformation
  • Round pneumonia
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2
Q

Multiple pulmonary nodules

A
  • Carcinoma
    • Metastatic disease
  • Autoimmune
    • Wegeners
    • Rheumatoid
  • Vascular
    • AVM
    • Septic
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3
Q

Cavitatory pulmonary nodule

A

Thick walled

  1. Cancer
    • Squamous cell carcinoma - primary or metastatic
  2. Autoimmune
    1. Wegeners disease
      • Nasal
      • Haematuria
    2. Rheumatoid arthritis
      • Shoulders
  3. Vascular
    • Septic emboli
  4. Infection
    • Fungal disease
    • Pyogenic infection- Abscess
  5. Tuberculosis

Thin walled

  1. Pneumatocele
    1. ​Traumatic
    2. Staph
  2. Bulla- Infected
  3. Hydatid
  4. Brochogenic cyst
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4
Q

Miliary pulmonary nodules

A
  • Metastatic disease
  • Infection
    • Tuberculosis
    • Fungal disease
    • Healed Varicella
  • Pneumoconiosis
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5
Q

Cystic lung disease

A
  • -Emphysema
  • LAM
  • LCH
  • LIP
  • pneumocystis pneumonia
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6
Q

Centrilobular pulonary nodules

A
  • Infectious bronchiolitis ( MAC or TB)
  • HYpersensitivity pneumonitis
  • Endobroncial spread
  • RBILD
  • Pneumoconiosis
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7
Q

Lower lobe insterstitial lung disease

A
  • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  • Drug toxicity- amiodarone, bleomycin
  • Asbestos related lung disease
  • Collagen vascular disease ( scleroderma)
  • Rheumatoid
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8
Q

Upper lobe interstitial lung disease

A
  • TB
  • Sarcoidosis
  • cystic fibrosis
  • pneumoconiosis
  • LCH
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9
Q

Hyperlucent lung

A
  • Chest wall ( Mastectomy, Polands)
  • Pneumothorax
  • Swyer james
  • Acute Asthma
  • Airway obstruction
  • Pulmonary embolism
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10
Q

Anterior mediastinal mass

A
  • Lymphoma
  • Thymic lesion
  • Thyroid lesion
  • Teratoma
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11
Q

Middle mediastinal mass

A
  • lymphandenopathy
  • Vascular abnormality ( Aortic or pulmonary artery)
  • Congenital cyst ( bronchogenic cyst)
  • hiatal hernia
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12
Q

Posterior mediastinal mass

A
  • Neurogenic tumour
  • lymphoma
  • developmental cyst ( neuroenteric cyst)
  • Extramedullary hamtopoiesis
  • Mediastinal haematoma
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13
Q
A
  1. cryptogenic organising pneumonia
  2. alveolar proteinosis
  3. Brochioalveolar carcinoma
  4. chronice oesoinophilic penumonia
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14
Q

Peripheral airspace

A
  1. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
  2. Eosinophilic pneumonia
  3. Pulmonary infarct
  4. Pulmonary contusion
  5. Sarcoidosis
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15
Q

Ground glass opacification

A
  1. Atypical infection
  2. Actue respiratory distress
  3. Alveolar proteinosis
  4. Pulmonary haemorrhage
  5. Pulmonary oedema
  6. vasculitis
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16
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy

A
  1. Infection
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Sarcoidosis
  4. Metastatic
  5. Pneumoconiosis
17
Q

Calcified pleural disease

A
  1. Asbestos
  2. fibrothorax
  3. pleurodesis
18
Q

Bronchiectasis

A
  1. Infection
    1. Tb
    2. MAC
  2. Cystic fibrosis
  3. ABPA
  4. Obstruction
  5. ciliary dyskinesia
19
Q

Perilymphatic pulmonary nodule

A
  1. Sarcoidosis
  2. Lymphangitis cacinomatosa
  3. pneumoconiosis
  4. lymphoproliferative disorder
20
Q

Pleural based mass

A
  1. Metastasis- adenocarcinoma
  2. empyema
  3. meothelioma
  4. fibrous tumour
  5. fibrothorax
21
Q

HIV patient

A
  1. pneumocystis penumonia
  2. tuberculosis
  3. fungal
  4. invasive aspergillosis
  5. kaposi
  6. lymphoma
22
Q

Abnormal left ventricular contour

A
  1. True left ventricular aneurysm
  2. False left ventricular aneurysm
  3. Pericardial cyst/mass
  4. calcific pericarditis
23
Q

Cardiac mass

A
  1. Thrombus
  2. Metastatic disease
  3. Benign cardiac neoplasm
    1. atrial myxoma
    2. rhabdomyoma
  4. Malignant cardiac neoplasm
    1. Carcoma
    2. lymphoma
24
Q

Delayed myocardial enhancement

A
  1. Infarction/scar
  2. Myocarditis
  3. Cardiac mass
  4. Infiltrative
    1. Granulomatous
    2. Amyloidosis
25
Q

Carcia wall fat deposition

A
  1. Lipoma
  2. Lipomatous hypetrophy of interatrial septum
  3. Arrhytmogenic right ventriculr dysplasia
26
Q

Bilateral air space opacification

  • Diffuse air space opacification
  • loss of silhouette sign
  • air bronchograms
A
  1. Cardiogenic
  2. Non-cardiogenic
    1. Fluid overload
    2. Cerebral disease
    3. Mendelsons syndrome
    4. Post thoracocentesis
    5. Liver disease
    6. TRALI
    7. Drug induced
    8. poisons
    9. ARDS
27
Q

unilateral pulmonary oedema

A
  1. On same side as abnormality
    1. Prolonged lateral decubitus
    2. Unilateral aspiration
    3. Pul. contusion
    4. Rapid thoracocentesis
    5. broncial obstruction
    6. shunts
  2. On contralateral side of abnormality
    1. Mcleod
    2. Thromboembolism
    3. Emphysema
    4. lobectomy
    5. pleural disease
28
Q

Calcified chest mets

A
  1. Sarcoma
    1. oesteosarcoma
    2. chondrosarcoma
    3. synovial
  2. Mucinous mets
    1. colon
    2. ovary
    3. breast
  3. Thyroid
    1. Medullary
      4.
29
Q

centrilobular nodules

A
  • bronchioles filled with pus or inflammatory exudate
    • pulmonary tuberculosis
    • aspiration bronchopneumonia
  • bronchiolitis: thickening of bronchiolar walls and bronchovascular bundle
    • cytomegalovirus pneumonitis
    • obliterative bronchiolitis
  • bronchiectasis with mucus plugging
    • cystic fibrosis
  • tumour emboli to centrilobular arteries
    • breast cancer
    • stomach cancer
  • bronchovascular interstitial infiltration
    • sarcoidosis
    • lymphoma
    • leukaemia
30
Q

Crazy paving

A
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • Acute interstitial pneumonia: ARDS of unknown aetiology
  • Alveolar proteinosis (PAP): rare, but the great majority of patients with PAP demonstrate crazy paving
  • Pcp
31
Q

Bilateral air space opacification

A
  • Unwell
    1. Cardiogenic
    2. Non-cardiogenic
      1. Infection
        • PCP
        • Raised inflammatory markers
      2. Haemorrhage
        • Hematuria
      3. Other-
        1. Neurological
        2. Drugs
        3. Altitude sickness
        4. overload
  • Well
    1. Alveolar proteinosis
    2. Cancer
32
Q

Bilateral Reticulonodular opacification

A
  • ​Chronic
    • Lymphangitis
    • LCH
    • Sarcoidosis
    • Silicosis
  • ​Acute
    • Infection
      • PCP
      • Mycoplasma
33
Q

Bilateral Reticular pattern

NORMAL LUNG VOLUMES

A
  • Acute
    1. Infection- PCP
    2. Heart failure
  • Chronic
    1. Bronchiectasis
    2. Cystic lung disease
      • LAM
      • LIP
      • LCH
    3. Lymphangitis
34
Q

Unilateral reticular opacification

( pulmonary oedema)

A
  • Unilateral
    • Aspiration ( Unilateral)
    • Pulmonary oedema
    • Lymphangitis
    • Prolonged lie on one side
    • Rapid thoracocentesis
    • Contusion
    • lymphangitis
  • Normal contralateral lung
    • Lung transplant
35
Q

Mutliple caviting lesions

A

Thin walled

Thick walled

  1. Cancer
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma - primary or metastatic
  3. Autoimmune
  4. Wegeners disease
  5. Nasal
  6. Haematuria
  7. Rheumatoid arthritis
  8. Shoulders
  9. Vascular
  10. Septic emboli
  11. Infection
  12. Fungal disease
  13. Pyogenic infection- Abscess
  14. Tuberculosis
36
Q

Peripheral consolidation

A

ACUTE

  1. Infarct

CHRONIC

  1. Cop
  2. Chronic oesinophilic pnuemonia
  3. Contusion
37
Q

Unilateral hilar enlargement

A
  • Vascular
    1. Pul. artery aneurysm
    2. Pul artery dilatation
  • Nodal
    1. Hila mass
    2. Lymphoma
38
Q

Pulmonary artery hypertension

A
  1. Pre load
    • Eisenmenger
      • ASD, VSD, PDA- look for ASD closure
    • Pulmonary artery
    • LEFT ARTERY ONLY
  2. Pulmonary bed
    • Chronic lung disease
    • Chronic P.E
  3. After load (Left heart)
    1. Mitral stenosis
    2. Mitral regurg
  4. Chest wall

3 differentials (8 decks)

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