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Imag 134 > Chest > Flashcards

Chest Flashcards

1
Q

Chest x ray what structures being assessed

A

Heart, lungs, mediastinum, chest wall

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2
Q

Why chest x ray is used

A

Assess pulmonary and cardiovascular disease

Response to treatment

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3
Q

Why PA

A

Easy to position

Compress breast tissue

Magnification of heart

More lung field visible (diaphragm at lowest )

Scapula cleared from lung field

Easier to inspire

Less radiation, protect eyes n thyroid

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4
Q

Why erect

A

Fluid levels more visible (gravity)

Clear lung field

Quicker to position

Inspiration is easier

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5
Q

How to assess for rotation

A

Checking spinous process is equidistant between medial ends of clavicles

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6
Q

Check for good inspiration

A

9-10 posterior ribs are visible

Not enough = increase density lower lung n width of heart

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7
Q

Good projection ?

A

Minimal superimposition of scapula over image

Centre point = T7

costophrenic angles
Lateral borders of chest walls

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8
Q

Contrast

A

Differentiating between structures

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9
Q

Density

A

Ability to see within structures

Good penetration to visualise spinous process’

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10
Q

Kvp for CXR

A

120-150

Allows visualisation of lung fields & mediastinum in one exposure

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11
Q

Clinical indication for CXR

A 
SOB(dsphnea) 
Chest pain
Persistent cough 
DOB
Pneumo/ heamothorax 
Cardiomegaly 
Perforation 
Trauma 
Clubbing (inadequate O2)
COPD
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12
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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13
Q

Costophrenic angles important

A

Blunting can = presence of fluid in lung/ or other pleural disease

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14
Q

Why does right hemi-diaphragm little higher than left

A

Liver sits inferior to it

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15
Q

Stomach bubble called?

A

Gastric bubble

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16
Q

Cardiothoracic ratio CTR

A

Measure heart size

Cardiac width & thoracic width

> 50% is abnormal

17
Q

Asthma

A

a respiratory condition marked by attacks of spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing

18
Q

Causes of asthma

A
  • environmental = pollution, smoking, chemicals, lifestyle

- genetic = family history, autoimmune, obesity

19
Q

Triggers of asthma

A 
Exercise 
Infections
Allergy
Seasonal change 
Stress
20
Q

ABG

A

Arterial blood has

21
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

SOB
DOB
COUGH
WHEEZING

22
Q

Plural effusion

A

Fluid in plural cavity

Due to disruption of equilibrium across plural membranes

23
Q

Checks for radiographic appearance of pleural effusion

A
  • area of whiteness base of lung
  • upper border of effusion will peak more laterally than a raised diaphragm
  • heart size
  • mediastinal shift
24
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air trapped in pleural space

Spontaneous or underlying disease
Primary, secondary (COPD,asthma),catamenial
Men>40 years

25
Q

Pneumothorax symptoms

A

Hypotensive (low blood pressure)
Respiratory distress
Neck veins engorged

26
Q

Checks for radiographic appearance of pneumothorax

A
  • side with reduced lung field markings
  • lung markings (white), their absence = lung field look more black
  • trachea and heart shifted away from affected side !
  • vascular shadows disappear
27
Q

Pneumonia

A

Swelling of tissue in lungs did to Bacterial, viral fungal cause

28
Q

Pneumonia symptoms

A 
SOB(dsypnea)
Increase respiratory rate 
Confusion 
High temp 
Cough
29
Q

Cardiac failure

A

No single cause

Pre existing conditions = hypertension, CHD, cardiomyopathy

30
Q

Cardiac failure symptoms

A

SOB
ANKLE OEDEMA
FATIGUE

31
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Pleural tumour

32
Q

Mesothelioma radiographic appearance

A
  • If spread of whiteness follows lung boundaries (not= pleural effusion)
  • edges = lobular
  • if effusion it would be curved (meniscus)
33
Q

Metastases

A

Secondary cancer growth

34
Q

Metastases radiographic appearance

A
  • metastic deposits
  • white lung deposits
  • bone destruction
  • black holes in white bone
  • fractures

Imag 134 (4 decks)

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