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Imag 134 > ABDO > Flashcards

ABDO Flashcards

1
Q

Patient prep

A
  • remove metal artefacts
  • women bra
  • LMP
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2
Q

Centring point

A

Midline of patient

Approx level of iliac crest & include pubic symphisis

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3
Q

Collimation /AOI

A
  • superior = diaphragm
  • inferior = pubic symphysis
  • lateral = soft tissue borders
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4
Q

Abdominal pelvic regions

A 
Right hypochondriac region 
Epigastric region 
Left hypochondriac region 
Right lumbar region 
Umbilical region 
Left lumbar region 
Right iliac region 
Hypogastric region 
Left iliac region
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5
Q

Abdo quadrants

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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6
Q

Supine projection

A

Spine In midline

Spinous process down centre

Sacrum centred in pelvic inlet

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7
Q

Clinical indication for AXR

A

Acute conditions = bleeding per rectum, faecal vomiting,

Bowel obstruction/ perforation
Urinary calculi
Bowel ischaemia

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8
Q

Acute scenario ?

A

CT

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9
Q

Supplementary projections

A

Cross renal proj = diaphragm, upper kidneys

Bladder proj = lower area, symphysis pubis, base of bladder

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10
Q

RUQ

A

Liver

Kidney (right lower than left cause of liver)

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11
Q

Sufficient contrast ?

A

Bony and soft tissue structures visible

Outline of psoas muscle

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12
Q

Biliary colic

A

Abdominal pain

Pain felt in centre of abdo, right side under ribs, spread to shoulder blade

Pain= constant, not relieved by vomming/passing wind/toilet

Triggered = sometimes by eating fatty foods

Pancreatitis = inflammation of Pancreas

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13
Q

Gall stones

A

Imbalance of chemical makeup of bile in gallbladder

Bile= liquid produced by liver to help digestion

Cause= high levels of cholesterol in GB / waste product bilirubin

Chemical imbalance - cause tiny crystals to develop in bile, grow into solid stones over years

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14
Q

Renal Calculi

A

KIDNEY STONES

more common in men than women

Symptoms are only caused if = stone is stuck in kidney, travel down to ureter & cause infection

Symptoms = lower back pain, felt in groin, testicles & scrotum, Pain In abdo, feeling restless

Dysuria = pain urinating 
Haematuria= blood in urine
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15
Q

Vascular calcification

A

Calcification = hardening to tissue/other material

Mineral deposits on walls of arteries and veins

Alterable risk factors = high BP, high BC, low density lipoprotein, smoking, obesity, diabetes

Non alternate factor = age, gender, genetics

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16
Q

AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm

& size of AAA’s

A

Abdominal aorta, left & right common iliac arteries = calcified

Ultrasound of abdo

Normal Aorta = < 3cm

Small AAA = 3-4.4

Medium AAA = 4.5-5.4

Large AAA= 5.5 +

17
Q

Phleboliths

A

VEIN STONES

calcification In venous structures
Common in pelvis = mimic ureteric calculi

Appearance = focal calcifications with radiolucent centre ( distinguish between kidney stones)

18
Q

Small bowel obstruction

A

Radiographic feature =
Dilated loops of small bowel
Central dilated loops

CT= more sensitive demonstrate 80% of cases

Cause = acquired or congenital (born)
Acquired = compression, luminal

Most common = adhesions,
Developing countries = hernias most common

19
Q

Large bowel obstruction

A

Adulthood = most common cause = colonic cancer typically in sigmoid

Second most common = diverticulitis (inflammation) sigmoid colon

20
Q

Pneumoperitoneum

A

Gas within the peritoneal cavity

Erect chest x ray = most sensitive for detection of intraperiotneal gas. Large volume present = may be superimposed over normal aerated lung with lung markings

=subdiaphragmatic gas

21
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of liver !

Cause = alcohol, liver disease, malignancy m, congestive cardiac failure

22
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity

75% of those with this have cirrhosis (liver lacking proper functioning)

23
Q

Horseshoe kidney

A

Renal fusion

Bottom part fuse together

Male kidney susceptible to trauma & renal calculi

Complications arise = poor drainage

24
Q

Abdominal / pelvic masses

A

Seen as Displacing bowel

Unless calcified= hard to see, mass have same density as surroundings. I

Imag 134 (4 decks)

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