Chest Flashcards
Thoracic cavity extends from the ____ to the _____
Superior thoracic aperture; inferior thoracic aperture
____ separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Organs contained in the thoracic cavity
Cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic organs, esophagus, thymus gland
Three separate chambers of the thoracic cavity
Pericardial, right and left pleural cavities
___ separates pleural cavities
Mediastinum
Respiratory system consists of
Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, two lungs
Characteristics of trachea
Fibrous, muscular tube with 16-20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings in its walls for strength
Carina
A hooklike process on the last cartilage of the trachea
Right primary bronchus is ___ when compared to the left
Shorter, wider, and more vertical
Position and size make it easier for foreign bodies to enter the ___ bronchus
right
Subdivisions of the bronchial tree
Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles communicate with the
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar ducts end in
Alveolar sacs
Walls of alveolar sacs are lined with
Alveoli
Function of the alveoli
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide by diffusion
Superior portion of the lungs
Apex, reaches above clavicles
Inferior portion of the lungs
Base, rests obliquely on diaphragm
Medial border of the lungs
Hilum
Sides of the lungs
Costophrenic angles
Lungs move ___ during inspiration and ___ during expiration
Inferiorly; superiorly
Pleura
Double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lungs
Right lung has ___ lobes
Three
Left lung has ___ lobes
Two
Anatomy of the neck anterior portion
Thyroid, parathyroid glands, submandibular glands
Anatomy of the thyroid gland
Two lateral lobes, 2 inches long, connected at the lower thirds by a narrow median portion called the isthmus
Location of the isthmus
In front of the upper part of the trachea
Function of the pharynx
Passage for air and food
Location of the pharynx
In front of the vertebrae and being the nose, mouth, and larynx
Oropharynx
Extends from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone
Function of the epiglottis
Serves as a trap to prevent leakage into the larynx between acts of swallowing
Structures associated with the mediastinum
Heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymphatics, nerves, fibrous tissue, fat
Aspirated foreign objects are more likely to lodge in the
Right primary bronchus
Level of the trachea bifurcation is the
Diaphragm
Soft tissue neck structures shown in radiographic imaging
Anterior neck, foreign bodies, swelling, masses, fractures of the larynx and hyoid bone
AP soft tissue neck
MSP centered perpendicular midline of grid, patients shoulders lie in the same transverse plane
horizontal marker for PA chest centering
T7 or base of the scapula
Level of the trachea bifurcation
Carina
SID for soft neck tissue AP
40”
SID for soft neck tissue lateral
72”
Reason why chest X-rays are 72” SID
reduce the magnification of the heart
PA chest showing ___ shows good penetration
spine behind the mediastinum
Lateral chest showing ____ shows good penetration
joint spaces between vertebrae
for RAO and LAO, area of interest is
generally the side farther from the IR
for RPO and LPO, area of interest is
generally the side closest to the IR
degree of angulation for oblique cardiac series
55-60 degree angle
which position shows trachea bifurcation (carina)
LAO
position for best view of right atrium
RAO
Positions routinely used for cardiac studies with barium
RAO and LAO
Right lung best demonstrated on (ventral)
LAO
Left lung best demonstrated on (ventral)
RAO
Right lung best demonstrated on (dorsal)
RAO
Left lung best demonstrated on (dorsal)
LAO
when are RPO and LPO positions used
when the patient is too ill to be turned to the prone position
AP oblique projections
RPO and LPO
upper border of the IR and light field for AP oblique
1.5-2” above vertebral prominens, or 5 inches above the jugular notch
AP oblique projection lung markings
pulmonary vascular markings from the hilar regions to the periphery of the lung
height of IR during Lordotic position
3 inches above upper border of the shoulders
position of thorax during lordotic
15 to 20 degrees from the vertical and midsagittal plane centered to the midline of the grid
