Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RADT 152 Radiographic Procedures > Ch 2 Terms > Flashcards

Ch 2 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Term applied to the science of the structure of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the function of the body organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteology

A

The detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Body Planes

A

Imaginary planes that subdivide the body in reference to anatomic position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List of Fundamental planes

A

Sagittal, coronal, horizontal, oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sagittal planes

A

Pass thru vertically from front to back, divide the body into right and left segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Midsagittal plane (MSP)

A

Specific sagittal plane that passes through midline and divide the body into equal right and left halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Coronal planes

A

Pass through the body vertically from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Midcoronal plane (MCP)

A

Also called midaxillary plane, specific plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Horizontal planes

A

Pass crosswise through the body or body part at right angles to the longitudinal axis, divides body into superior and inferior portions, also called transverse, axial, or cross-sectional planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oblique planes

A

Pass through a body part at a 45 degree angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Interiliac plane

A

Special body plane, transects the body at the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Occlusal plane

A

Special body plane, formed by biting the surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with jaws closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two great body cavities

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Contains lungs, pleural membrane, trachea, esophagus, heart and great vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, stomach, intestines, kidneys, ureters, major blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Contains rectum, urinary bladder, part of the reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Abdomen is bordered superiorly by the

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Abdomen is bordered inferiority by

A

Superior pelvic aperture (pelvic inlet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Abdomen divided in two methods

A

Quadrants and regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Four quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Body habitus

A

The common variations in the shape of the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is body habitus important in radiography?

A

Habitus determines size, shape, and position of organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Organs affected by body habitus

A

Heart, lungs, diaphragm, stomach, colon, gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Four major types of body habitus

A

Sthenic, hyposthenic, asthenic, hypersthenic (Box 3-1 in text)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Functions of bones

A

Muscle attachments, mechanical base for movement, protection of organs, support frame for body, storage for calcium and other salts, production of red and white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Number of bones in the body

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Number of bones in axial skeleton

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Number of bones in appendicular skeleton

A

126

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Function of the axial skeleton

A

Supports and protects the head and trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Function of the appendicular skeleton

A

Provides the means for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Function of red marrow in bones

A

Produces red and white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Function of yellow marrow in bones

A

Stores fat cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity of long bones, contained trabeculae filled with yellow marrow, red marrow found in ends of long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Spongy bone

A

Inner, less dense layer, contained a spiculated network called trabeculae (filled with red and yellow marrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Compact bone

A

Strong, dense outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough, fibrous connective tissue that covers bone, except at articular ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines marrow cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ossification

A

Term that apples to the development and formation of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

When does ossification begin?

A

The second month of embryonic life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Flat bones are formed by

A

Intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Short, irregular, and long bones are created by

A

Endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Endochondral ossification occurs from which two distinct centers of development

A

Primary and secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Primary ossification begins when?

A

Before birth and forms long central shaft in long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Secondary ossification begins when?

A

After birth when separate bones begin to develop at both ends of long bones called epiphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Classification of bones by shape

A

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Long bones

A

Consist of body and two enlarged articular ends (femur and humerus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Short bones

A

Consist mainly of cancellous bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone (carpal bones of wrist and tarsal bones of ankles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Flat bones

A

Consist of two plates of compact bones (sternum and cranium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Irregular bones

A

Peculiarly shaped (vertebrae and facial bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Small and oval, develop inside and beside tendons, protect tendon from excessive wear (patella is largest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Arthrology

A

Study of joints, or articulations between bones (either functional or structural)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Functional classification based on mobility

A

Synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (slightly moveable), diarthroses (freely movable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Three groups of structural classification based on connective tissue

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Fibrous joints

A

No joint cavity, United by fibrous and connective tissues and ligaments, strongest joints in the body (syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Syndesmosis fibrous joint

A

Immovable or very slightly movable, United by fibrous sheets (inferior tibiofibular joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Suture fibrous joint

A

Immovable joint only in the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Gomphosis

A

Immovable joint only in roots of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

No joint cavity, virtually immovable, two types are symphysis and synchondrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Symphysis cartilaginous joints

A

Slightly movable joint, separated by a pad of fibrocartilage, designed for strength and shock absorbency (pubic symphysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Synchondrosis cartilaginous joints

A

Immovable joint, United by rigid cartilage (epiphyseal plate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Synovial joints

A

Permit wide range of motion, freely movable, complex joints enclosed by articular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Accessory soft tissues of synovial joints

A

Meniscus and bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Six types of synovial joints

A

Gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle, ball and socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Gliding joint

A

Simplest synovial joint (intercarpal and intertarsal joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Hinge joint

A

Permits flexion and extension only (elbow and knee)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Pivot joint

A

Allows rotation around a single axis ( atlantoaxial joint C1-C2 )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Ellipsoid joint

A

Allows flexion, extension, abducation, adduction, and circumduction (radiocarpal or wrist joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Saddle joint

A

Movement similar to wrist joint(ellipsoid), difference is in the shape of the articular surfaces (carpometacarpal joint at base of thumb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Permits widest range of motion (hip and shoulder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Processes or projections

A

Extend beyond or project out from the main body of a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Depressions

A

Hollow or depressed areas in bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Fractures

A

A break in a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Condyle process

A

Rounded process at an articulate end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Coracoid or coronoid process

A

Beak like or crownlike process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Crest process

A

Ridgelike process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Epicondyle process

A

Projection above a condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Facet process

A

Small smooth surfaces articular process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Hamulus process

A

Hook shaped process

80
Q

Head process

A

Expanded end of a long bone

81
Q

Horn process

A

Hornlike process

82
Q

Line process

A

Linear elevation, not as prominent as a crest

83
Q

Malleolus process

A

Club shaped process

84
Q

Protuberance

A

Projecting prominence

85
Q

Spine process

A

Sharp process

86
Q

Styloid process

A

Long pointed process

87
Q

Trochanter process

A

Either of the two large, rounded, and elevated processes of the proximal femur

88
Q

Tubercle process

A

Small, rounded, and elevated process

89
Q

Tuberosity process

A

Large, rounded, and elevated process

90
Q

Fissure depression

A

Cleft or deep groove

91
Q

Foramen depression

A

Hole in a bone for transmission of vessels and nerves

92
Q

Fossa depression

A

Pit, fovea, or hollow space

93
Q

Groove depression

A

Shallow linear channel

94
Q

Meatus depression

A

Tubelike passageway

95
Q

Notch depression

A

Indentation in the border of a bone

96
Q

Sinus depression

A

Recess, groove, cavity, or hollow space

97
Q

Sulcus depression

A

Furrow or trench

98
Q

4 types of fractures

A

Closed, open, nondisplaced, displaced

99
Q

Common classifications of fractures (many fall into more than 1 category)

A

Compression, compound, comminuted, green stick, impacted, transverse, spiral, oblique, simple

100
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Forward or front part of the body or of a part

101
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Back part of body or part

102
Q

Caudad

A

Parts away from the head of the body

103
Q

Cephalad or cephalic

A

Parts toward the head

104
Q

Superior

A

Nearer the head or situated above

105
Q

Inferior

A

Nearer the feet or situated below

106
Q

Central

A

Mid area or main part of an organ

107
Q

Peripheral

A

At or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part

108
Q

Medial

A

Toward the median plane of the body or toward the middle of a body part

109
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the median plane or away from the middle of a part

110
Q

Superficial

A

Near the skin or surface

111
Q

Deep

A

Far from the surface

112
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the point of attachment or origin

113
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the point of attachment or origin

114
Q

External

A

Outside the body or part

115
Q

Internal

A

Inside the body or part

116
Q

Parietal

A

The wall or lining of a body cavity

117
Q

Visceral

A

The covering of an organ

118
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Parts on the same side of the body

119
Q

Contralateral

A

Parts on the opposite side of the body

120
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of the hand

121
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

122
Q

Dorsum

A

Upper surface of a part, top of the foot or the back of the hand

123
Q

CR meaning

A

Central ray

124
Q

Projection

A

The path of the central ray as it exits the X-ray tube, passing through the patient to the IR

125
Q

Position

A

Overall posture of the patient or general body position, also refers to the specific placement of the body or part in relation to the table, IR, or wall bucky

126
Q

View

A

Used to describe the body part as seen by the IR, exact opposite of projection

127
Q

Method

A

Refers to a specific radiographic projection developed by an individual

128
Q

AP projection

A

Central ray (CR) enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior

129
Q

PA projection

A

Central Ray or CR enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior

130
Q

Axial Projection

A

Longitudinal angle of the Central Ray of 10 degrees or more

131
Q

Tangential Projection

A

Central ray directed along the outer margin of a curved body surface

132
Q

Lateral Projection

A

Central ray (CR) enters one side of the body, passing transversely along the coronal plane

133
Q

Oblique Projection

A

Central Ray enters from side angle, must still specify entrance and exit surfaces (AP oblique, PA oblique)

134
Q

Upright body position

A

Erect or vertical

135
Q

Seated body position

A

Upright, but sitting on a stool

136
Q

Recumbent body position

A

Lying down in any position

137
Q

Supine position

A

Lying on the back

138
Q

Prone position

A

Lying face down

139
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Supine (lying on back) with the head lower than the feet

140
Q

Fowler position

A

Supine (lying on back) with the head elevated

141
Q

Sims’ position

A

Recumbent (lying down) with patient lying on left anterior side with left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed

142
Q

Lithotomy position

A

Supine (lying on back) with knees and hips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported by ankle supports

143
Q

Lateral position

A

Named according to the side of the patient that is placed closer to the IR

144
Q

Oblique position

A

Body is rotated so that the coronal plane is not parallel with the table or IR, angle of rotation specific for anatomy of interest

145
Q

Decubitus position

A

Recumbent (lying down) position with a horizontal Central Ray, named according to the body surface on which the patient is lying

146
Q

Lordotic position

A

Upright position in which the patient is leaning backward

147
Q

Abduct or abduction

A

Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body

148
Q

Adduct or adduction

A

Movement of a part toward the central axis of the body

149
Q

Extension

A

Straightening of a joint

150
Q

Flexion

A

Bending of a joint

151
Q

Hyperextension

A

Forced or excessive extension

152
Q

Hyperflexion

A

Forced overflexion

153
Q

Evert/eversion

A

Outward turning of the foot at the ankle

154
Q

Invert/inversion

A

Inward turning of the foot at the ankle

155
Q

Pronate/pronation

A

Rotation of forearm so that the palm is down

156
Q

Supinate/supination

A

Rotation of forearm so that the palm is up

157
Q

Rotate/rotation

A

Turning of the body part around its axis, rotation of a limb is either medial (towards midline) or lateral (away from midline)

158
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of a limb

159
Q

Tilt

A

Tipping or slanting a body part slightly

160
Q

Deviation

A

To turn outwardly without rotating (hand on table, spin)

161
Q

3 upper regions of the abdomen

A

right hypochondrium, epigastrium, left hypochondrium

162
Q

3 middle regions of the abdomen

A

right lateral, umbilical, left lateral

163
Q

lower 3 regions of the abdomen

A

right ingunial, hypogastrium, left inguinal

164
Q

C1 landmark

A

Mastoid tip (by ear)

165
Q

C2, C3 landmark

A

Gonion (jawline)

166
Q

C3, C4 landmark

A

Hyoid Bone (upper neck)

167
Q

C5 landmark

A

thyroid cartilage

168
Q

C7, T1 landmark

A

vertebra prominens (neck bone)

169
Q

T1 landmark

A

2 inches above level of jugular notch

170
Q

T2, T3 landmark

A

level of jugular notch

171
Q

T4, T5 landmark

A

Level of sternal angle

172
Q

T7 landmark

A

Level of inferior angles of scapulae

173
Q

T9, T10 landmark

A

level of xiphoid process (bottom of sternum)

174
Q

L2, L3 landmark

A

inferior costal margin (above iliac crest)

175
Q

L4, L5 landmarks

A

Level of superiormost aspect of iliac crests

176
Q

S1, S2 landmarks

A

Level of anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

177
Q

Coccyx landmark

A

Level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters (lower pelvis)

178
Q

Percentage of people with Sthenic body habitus

A

50%

179
Q

Percentage of people with Hyposthenic body habitus

A

35%

180
Q

Percentage of people with asthenic body habitus

A

10%

181
Q

Percentage of people with hypersthenic body habitus

A

5%

182
Q

Projection

A

direction of the beam

183
Q

Decubitus

A

horizontal beam

184
Q

Tangential

A

Positioning the beam to skim the outer edge of a body part (sunrise patella)

185
Q

Fowlers

A

head above feet

186
Q

Trandellenburg

A

feet above head

187
Q

abduct

A

to move body part away from body

188
Q

adduct

A

to move towards the body

189
Q

eversion or evert

A

turn body part outwards

190
Q

inversion

A

turn body part inwards

191
Q

pronate

A

anterior on surface

192
Q

supinate

A

posterior on surface

193
Q

deviate

A

turn outwards or inwards while flat on surface, do not roll

194
Q

dorsiflex

A

bring toes of foot towards head

195
Q

planarflexion

A

point toews as far out as possible (gas pedal down)

RADT 152 Radiographic Procedures (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions