Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Chemotherapy Of Neoplastic Diseases 1 > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Of Neoplastic Diseases 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy indicated when neoplasms are disseminated and not amenable to surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adjuvant chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy used to attack micrometastases following surgery and radiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy given prior to surgery to shrink the cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Log kill

A

a given dose of drug destroys a constant fraction of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

• A 1-log kill reduces the number of cancer cells by ___ %.
• A 2-log kill by ___ %.
• A 3-log kill by ___ %
A 5 log kill by___ %

A

• A 1-log kill reduces the number of cancer cells by 90 %.
• A 2-log kill by 99 %.
• A 3-log kill by 99.9 %
5 log kill 99.999%. However, there would still be 0.0001% of 10^6 cells (10^4 tumor cells) remaining in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_____________are more sensitive to anticancer drugs, whereas nonproliferating cells usually survive their effects.

A

Rapidly dividing cells are more sensitive to anticancer drugs, whereas nonproliferating cells usually survive their effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cell cycle-specific drugs

A

Exert their action on cells traversing the cell cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell cycle-nonspecific drugs

A

can kill tumor cells whether they are cycling or resting in the G0 compartment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CELL CYCLE-SPECIFIC AGENTS examples

A 
Antimetabolites
Bleomycin
Microtubule inhibitors
Epipodophyllotoxins
Camptothecins

Remember BEAMC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cell cycle non specific examples

A

APA

Alkylating agents
Platinum coordination complexes
Antitumor Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary vs acquired resistance

A

PRIMARY RESISTANCE
• No response to the drug on the first
exposure.

ACQUIRED RESISTANCE
• Single drug resistance
- Due to increased expression of one or
more genes.
• Multidrug resistance (MDR)
- Resistance emerges to several different drugs after exposure to a single agent.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Multi drug resistance is mainly due to membrane effluent pumps. Which effluent pump is most responsible

A

P-glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common adverse effects of toxicity

Remember BATSS

A
  • Severe vomiting
  • Stomatitis
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Alopecia
  • tumor lysis syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Manifestations seen in tumor lysis syndrome

A
  • Hyperuricemia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Hypocalcemia (due to precipitation of calcium phosphate).
  • Uric acid and calcium phosphate crystals may precipitate in the kidney and lead to renal failure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to manage tumor lysis syndrome

A

IV hydration with normal saline and allopurinol

or rasburicase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Relative myelosuppression correlation to drugs

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

COMMON ADVERSE EFFECTS: EMETOGENIC POTENTIAL

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adverse effect of Doxorubicin & Daunorubicin

A

Cardio toxicity

19
Q

Adverse effect of Cyclophosphamide & Ifosfamide

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

20
Q

Adverse effect of Cisplatin

A

Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity & Peripheral neuropathy

21
Q

Adverse effect of Bleomycin & Busulfan

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

22
Q

Adverse effects of Vincristine & Paclitaxel

A

Peripheral neuropathy

23
Q

Adverse effect of Asparaginase

A

Hypersensitivity

24
Q

Which drugs Reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)

A

5-HT3, NK-1 antagonists & dexamethasone

25
Q

Which drug Rescues bone marrow from methotrexate.

A

Leucovorin

26
Q

Which drug Reduces hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide & ifosfamide.

A

Mesna

27
Q

Which drug Reduces anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

A

Dexrazoxane

28
Q

Which drug reverses neutropenia

A

Filgrastim and sargramostin

29
Q

Which drug reduces anemia

A

Erythropoietin

30
Q

Which drug reverses thrombocytopenia

A

IL-11

31
Q

Which drug Reduces renal toxicity caused by cisplatin.

A

Amifostine

32
Q

Which drug prevents hyperuricemia of tumor lysis syndrome

A

Allopurinol or rasburicase

33
Q

Example of a 5-HT3 antagonist for CINV

A

Ondansetron

34
Q

NK-1 antagonist for CINV

A

Aprepitant

35
Q

Corticosteroid for CINV

A

Dexamethasone

36
Q

Adjunct therapy for CINV.

A

Benzodiazepines (Lorazepam or alprazolam)

37
Q

Treatment-induced neoplasms are especially a problem after therapy with _______________

A

Treatment-induced neoplasms are especially a problem after therapy with alkylating agents.

38
Q

Anti metabolite is an anti cancer drug. List the categories

A

FOLATE ANALOGS- methotrexate
PURINE ANALOGS
PYRIMIDINE ANALOGS

39
Q

MOA of antimetabolites

A
  • Antimetabolites target pathways related to nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis.
  • They are cycle-specific.
  • Maximal cytotoxic effects are in the S-phase.
40
Q 
Methotrexate is:
- structurally related to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
• Inhibits\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
• The cell is deprived of folate
• The synthesis of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ decrease; consequently, synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein decreases—>cell death.
A 
Methotrexate is:
- structurally related to folate
• Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
• The cell is deprived of folate
• The synthesis of dTMP and purine nucleotides decrease; consequently, synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein decreases—>cell death.
41
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of methotrexate to polyglutamates

A

folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS).

• PGs are strongly charged and cross cellular membranes poorly: polyglutamation serves as a mechanism of ion trapping within the cell.

42
Q

METHOTREXATE: ADVERSE EFFECTS

A
  • Common: Stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, alopecia, nausea, vomiting.
  • Renal Damage: Uncommon. Complication of high-dose methotrexate.
  • Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.
  • Pneumonitis.
  • Neurologic Toxicities. With IT administration.
43
Q

_________ provides the normal tissues with the reduced folate, thus circumventing the inhibition of DHFR.

A

Leucovorin (N5-formyl- THF) provides the normal tissues with the reduced folate, thus circumventing the inhibition of DHFR.

• Antidote to drugs that decrease levels of folic acid, such as methotrexate, to rescue the bone marrow.

Pharm (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions