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Pharmacology > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Which tissues are not sensitive to toxicity from chemotherapy?

A

Brain, heart, bone, and skeletal muscle

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2
Q

What is important to remember when using any chemotherapeutic drug?

A

They are hazardous agents that carry serious risks

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3
Q

Almost all chemotherapy drugs can cause what due to toxicity?

A

Myelosuppression

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4
Q

What are some benefits of using carboplatin as opposed to cisplatin?

A

It’s safe for cats and has fewer GI side effects

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5
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does the Vinca alkyloid group of drugs target?

A

M phase (mitosis)

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate? Is it cell cycle specific or non-specifc?

A

Cell cycle specific- S phase

Dihydofolate reductase antagonist (aka anti-folate)

Prevents synthesis of purines for DNA synthesis

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7
Q

What are the common therapeutic uses of vinblastine?

A

Subsitute for vincristine if peripheral neuropathy is a concern

Mast cell tumors

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8
Q

Which species is most at risk for developing bladder toxicity as a result of treatment with cyclophosphamide?

A

Dogs

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9
Q

In addition to myelosuppression, lomustine toxicity can cause what?

A

It’s hepatotoxic- can be given with alpha-lipoic acid or other drugs to help prevent damage

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cytosine arabinoside? Is it cell cycle specific or non-specific?

A

Cell cycle specific- S phase

Pyrimidine analogue- incorporated into DNA and is interpreted as damage by checking mechanisms

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of L-asparaginase?

A

It degrades asparagine which is needed by lymphoid cells

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12
Q

What is the difference between a cell cycle specific and cell cycle non-specific drug?

A

Cell cycle specific- targets a stage of the cell cycle so cells must be actively dividing to have an effect

Cell cycle non-specific- have an effect no matter if cells are actively dividing or not

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13
Q

Doxorubicin is used to treat which cancers?

A

Lymphoma

Osteosarcoma

Hemangiosarcoma

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14
Q

5-Fluorouracil should never be given to which species? Why?

A

Cats because it causes seizures

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15
Q

Cisplatin is primarily used to treat which cancers?

A

Osteosarcoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Which tissues are most susceptible to toxicity from chemotherapy?

A

Bone marrow, gut lining, and lymphoid tissues

17
Q

What is a benefit of using mitoxantrone over doxorubicin?

A

It does not produce free radicals

18
Q

Vincristine toxicity can result in what?

A

Vesicant

Peripheral neuropathy (problems walking, GI motility)

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of vincristine and vinblastine?

A

Prevents assembly of the mitotic spindle and causes mitotic catastrophe

20
Q

Which cancer is usually treated with melphalan?

A

Multiple myeloma

21
Q

Doxorubicin has a similar mechanism of action to other antibiotic chemotherapy drugs, but also produces what?

A

Free radicals

22
Q

L-asparaginase toxicity can cause what?

A

Anaphylaxis

23
Q

What can cisplatin toxicity result in?

A

Fatal pulmonary edema in cats

Nephrotoxic

Can cause nausea

24
Q

Methotrexate is used to treat which cancers?

A

Lymphoma

CNS tumors

Osteosarcoma

25
Q

Cytosine arabinoside is used to treat which cancers?

A

Renal lymphoma

CNS tumors

26
Q

What is the general mechanism of action for antibiotic chemotherapy drugs?

A

Inhibits topoisomerase II needed to uncoil and recoil DNA during transcription

27
Q

What is a common therapeutic use of actinomycin D?

A

Non-cardiotoxic substitute for doxorubicin

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action for alkylating agents? Are they cell cycle specific or non-specific?

A

Cell cycle non-specific

Cross link DNA to prevent replication

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil? Is it cell cycle specific or non-specific?

A

Cell cycle specific- S phase

Pyrimidine analogue- incorporated into DNA and is interpreted as damage by checking mechanisms

Inhibits rRNA and mRNA processing

30
Q

Lomustine given by which route results in complete absorption?

A

PO

31
Q

Which drug is used as a substitute for cyclophosphamide?

A

Chlorambucil

32
Q

Chemotherapy can be used to treat what types of diseases?

A

Cancers that are responsive to chemotherapy (ex. lymphoma) or autoimmune disease

33
Q

Doxorubicin toxicity can cause what?

A

Anaphylaxis

Vesicant

Cardiotoxicity, especially in breeds like Boxers, Dobermans, etc.

34
Q

Which cancers are usually treated with chlorambucil?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Feline GI small cell lymphoma

35
Q

L-asparaginase is used to treat which cancer?

A

Early lymphoma

36
Q

Hepatic metabolism of cyclophosphamide results in which two metabolites? Which is toxic?

A

Phosphoramide mustard- anticancer

Acrolein- toxin

37
Q

What specific diseases can result from cyclophosphamide toxicity?

A

Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis

Transitional cell carcinoma

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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