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Pharmacology > Antiarrhythmics > Flashcards

Antiarrhythmics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of class IV antiarrhythmics?

A

Inhibits L-type calcium channels

Prolong refractory period of pacemaker cells, prolongs depolarization

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2
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of atenolol?

A

Substitute for propranolol when compliance is a problem

Supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias, atrial fibrillation

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3
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of diltiazem?

A

Sustained and non-sustained supraventricular arrhythmias

Atrial fibrillation

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of class II antiarrhythmics?

A

Inhibit beta adrenergic receptors

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5
Q

What are the pharmacological effects of beta blockers?

A

Blocks sympathetic stimulation

Increase conduction time

Decrease the discharge rate of the SA node

Decreases automaticity of subsidiary pacemakers

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of class III antiarrhythmics?

A

Inhibits K channels

Phase 3- decreased K influx, prolongs action potential, prolongs refractory period

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7
Q

What are the actions of quinidine on the autonomic nervous system?

A

Decreases parasympathetic tone

Enhances sympathetic tone

Alpha-adrenergic antagonist

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8
Q

How does mexiletine differ from lidocaine?

A

It is slowly metabolized by the liver and effective after being given PO

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9
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of lidocaine?

A

Ventricular tachyarrythmias (especially from ischemic myopathy)

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10
Q

How does procainamide differ from quinidine?

A

In the same class of antiarrhythmics

Has fewer effects on the autonomic system

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11
Q

Why are class IC antiarrhythmics not often used in veterinary medicine?

A

They are highly proarrhythmic

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12
Q

Digoxin belongs to which class of antiarrhythmics?

A

It does not fit into the class I-IV scheme

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13
Q

What class of antiarrhythmics does quinidine belong to?

A

Class IA

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of digoxin?

A

Increases vagal tone

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15
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of propranolol?

A

Decrease ventricular response in atrial fibrillation

Re-entrant supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

Digoxin-induced ventricular arrhythmias

Cats- arrhythmias due to thyrotoxicosis

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16
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of digoxin?

A

Chronic tx of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

Atrial fibrillation in dogs

17
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of esmolol?

A

Acute therapy of supraventricular tachycardia (super short acting)

18
Q

Diltizaem and amlodipine belong to which class of antiarrhythmics?

A

Class IV

19
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of procainamide?

A

Atrial tachyarrhythmias (ex. acute atrial fibrillation)

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias

20
Q

True or false:

Amiodarone is considered to have lower efficacy compared to other antiarrhythmics.

A

False. It shares properties with all classes of antiarrhymics and is considered to have high efficacy.

21
Q

Lidocaine belongs to which class of antiarrhythmics?

A

Class IB

22
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of amlodipine?

A

Systemic hypertension in dogs and cats

23
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of sotalol?

A

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in boxers

Sustained refractory ventricular tachycardias, supraventricular tachycardias

Most effective at slow heart rates

24
Q

What effect do both amiodarone and sotalol have on all cardiac tissue?

A

Increases the effective refractory period

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of class IA antiarrhythmics?

A

Phase 0- inhibits fast Na channels

Phase 3- prolong duration of the action potential

Phase 4- decreases automaticity

26
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of quinidine?

A

Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias

Atrial fibrillation in horses

27
Q

Amiodarone belongs to which class of antiarrhythmics?

A

Listed under class III

Has potent class I activity, exhibits class II and IV activity

28
Q

Class III antiarrhythmics have what effect on ECG readings?

A

Prolongs the QT interval

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of class IB antiarrhythmics?

A

Phase 0- inhibits fast Na channels

Shorten duration of the action potential

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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