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Chemotherapy > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Hodgkins’ disease (stages 3 and 4) as part of MOPP regimen

A

Mechlorethamine (Mustragen)

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2
Q

Must be activated by CYP 450’s in liver

A

Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)

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3
Q

Can cause hemorrhagic cystitis and SIADH

A

Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)

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4
Q

Used for Burkitt’s lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and other lymphomas and leukemias

A

Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)

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5
Q

Can cause hepatotoxicity

A

Chlorambucil

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6
Q

Used for chronic lympocytic leukemia

A

Chlorambucil

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7
Q

Given orally. Phosphate cleaved during absorption. Binds to beta-tubulin

A

Estramustine phosphate (emcyt)

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8
Q

Antimitotic effects. Not cell cycle specific (but mostly M stage)

A

Estramustine phosphate (emcyt)

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9
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation of skin

A

Busulfan (myleran)

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10
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis and nephrotoxicity.

Pancreatic - steptozotocin

A

Carmustine (BCNU)
Lomustine (CCNU)
Semustine (methyl-CCNU)
Streptozocin

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11
Q

Breaking to liberate alkylating and carbamylating species. Highly lipophilic

A

Carmustine (BCNU)
Lomustine (CCNU)
Semustine (methyl-CCNU)
Streptozocin

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12
Q

Decreases DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Chromatid breakage and translocation inhibits G1 to S phase in cell cycle

A

Procarbazine (mulutane)

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13
Q

Avoid MAO inhibitors and alcohol

A

Procarbazine (Mulutane)

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14
Q

Methylates DNA and RNA. Non cell cycle specific

A

Dacarbazine (DTIC)

Temozolomide (T)

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15
Q

Binds to guanine in DNA forming intra-strand cross link

A

Drugs containing platinum

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16
Q

Depresses bone marrow
Nephrotoxicity (Major toxicity)
Ototoxicity

A

Drugs containing platinum

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17
Q

Forced diuresis with loop diuretics like furosemide

A

Drugs containing platinum

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18
Q

Used to decrease hemorrhagic cystitis produced by acrolein

A

MESNA, Mesnex

Na-2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate

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19
Q

Reacts with acrolein in urine to detoxify and prevent binding to bladder wall

A

MESNA, Mesnex

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20
Q

Tumors can have ___________ pumps that move chemotherapy agent out

A

glycoprotein

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21
Q

Cancer not detectable by most sensitive measures

A

Remission

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22
Q

Zero cancer cells present

A

Cure

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23
Q

Tight binding between base pairs in DNA blocking activity of topoisomerase II

A

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin

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24
Q

Most potent anti-tumor agent known

A

Dactinomycin

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25
Q

Not excreted

A

Mechlorethamine (Mustragen)

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26
Q

Used for Hodgkin’s disease

A

MOPP and ABVD

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27
Q

Used for non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

CHOP

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28
Q

Used for breast cancer

A

CMF and CAF

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29
Q

Used for small cell lung cancer

A

PACE

30
Q

Used for germ cells

A

VIP

31
Q

Used for cervical cancer

A

BIP

32
Q

Used for lymphomas

A

M-BACOD

33
Q

Used for ovarian cancer

A

BEP

34
Q

Used for pheochromocytomas

A

CVD

35
Q

Used for testicular cancer

A

PEB

36
Q

Alkylating agents are non cell cycle specific or cell cycle specific?

A

Non cell cycle specific

37
Q

Melphalan structures resembles ___________

A

pheylalanine

38
Q

Work by adding alkyl group to N7 of guanine in DNA, leading to cross linking between two strands of DNA.

A

Alkylating agents

39
Q

Form intrastrand crosslinks

A

Drugs containing platinum

Cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin

40
Q

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin act by ______

A

indirectly damaging DNA

41
Q

Vincristine, vinblastine, and paclitaxel are _______ specific

A

M phase

42
Q

6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate are __________ specific (self limiting)

A

S ——-> G2 transition

S mainly

43
Q

Cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea are ________ specific

A

S phase

44
Q

Alkylating drugs, nitrosoureas, antitumor antibiotics, procarbazine, cisplatin, and dacarbazine are _________

A

Non cell cycle specific

45
Q

Hyponatremia caused by cyclophosphamide is maintained by _________

A

demecycline

46
Q

Binds to guanine in DNA forming intrastrand cross links

A

Drugs containing platinum

Cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin

47
Q

Major side effect of drugs containing platinum is _________

A

nephrotoxicity

48
Q

Most toxic platinum containing drug is _________

A

cisplatin

49
Q

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin directly ____________

A

damage DNA

50
Q

Anthracyclines class contains

A

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin

51
Q

Intercalates between 2 strands of DNA inhibiting topoisomerase 2. Causes single and double strand breaks in DNA. Causes histone eviction from chromatin

A

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin

52
Q

Cell cycle non specific. Causes cardiotoxicity which may be irreversible

A

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin

53
Q

Cardiotoxicity may be prevented by ___________

A

dexrazoxane

54
Q

Used for breast cancer, sarcoma, many carcinomas, MOPP-resistant Hodgkin’s disease

A

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin

55
Q

Binds to DNA like doxorubicin to produce drug/DNA/topoisomerase 2 complexes that lead to DNA strand breaks. Free radicals not produced and lower levels of cardiotoxicity

A

Mitoxantrone

56
Q

Etoposide and tenopside are part of __________ class

A

Epipodophyllotoxins

57
Q

Forms ternary complex with DNA-topoisomerase 2. Kills in G2 and S phases

A

Epipodophyllotoxins

58
Q

Used in testicular tumors (w/ Bleomycin and Cisplatin)

Small cell lung cancer (w/ Cisplatin)

A

Epipodophyllotoxins

Etoposide and Tenopside

59
Q

Includes camptothecin, topotecan, and irinotecan

A

Camptothecin Analogs

60
Q

Inhibit topoisomerase 1

A

Camptothecin Analogs

61
Q

Camptothecin analogs are cell cycle specific and act in ______ phase

A

S

62
Q

_________ is a prodrug activated by tissue carboxyesterases which are highly expressed in carcinomas

A

irinotecan

63
Q

Can cause severe diarrhea

A

Camptothecin analogs

64
Q

Chemotherapy antibiotics are _________

A

Bleomycins

65
Q

Bleomycins are cell cycle specific and most active in ________ phase

A

G2

66
Q

Can cause pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonitis. Have minimal bone marrow suppression

A

Bleomycins

67
Q

Used in advanced testicular carcinoma (w/ vinblastine and cisplatin)
Lymphomas in combo therapy

A

Bleomycins

68
Q

Make complex with reduced free iron in cell leading to free radical production which damages DNA and causes cell death

A

Bleomycins

69
Q

___________ peptide loops interact at purine-pyrimidine base pairs of DNA and intercalate between the strands. Can also cause some single stranded breaks, non cell cycle specific

A

Dactinomycin

70
Q

Can cause oral and GI ulcerations, stomatitis. Used for methotrexate resistant choriocarcinomas, Wilm’s tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Dactinomycin

Chemotherapy (2 decks)

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