Chemotherapy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

____________ include methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and 6-mercaptopurine

A

Antimetabolites

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2
Q

Methotrexate mimics _______ and inhibits ________

A

folic acid

dihydrofolate reductase

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3
Q

5-fluorouracil mimics _________

A

pyrimidines

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4
Q

6-mercaptopurine mimics _________

A

purines

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5
Q

Methotrexate, trimetrexate, and pemetrexed are _________

A

Folic acid analogs

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6
Q

Trimetrexate is _________

A

lipid soluble

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7
Q

__________ directly inhibits thymidylate synthase

A

Pemetrexed

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8
Q

Folic acid analogs are cell cycle specific targeting _______ phase

A

S

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9
Q

When methotrexate is in cell there will be _______ amounts of dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate in cell

A

small

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10
Q

Methotrexate combined with dactinomycin has great cure rate for __________

A

Choriocarcinoma

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11
Q

Used for maintenance in ALL children, less active in adult leukemias

A

Methotrexate and Pemetrexed

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12
Q

Minimizes toxic effects of folate depletion in cells. Bypasses metabolic block induced by methotrexate by administering cofactors and does not decrease anti-tumor activity of methotrexate

A

Leucovorin rescue

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13
Q

Cell cycle non specific, but mostly affects G1 and S phases.
Can cause Oral and GI ulcerations. Stop at earliest signs of stomatitis and diarrhea
Causes decreased DNA synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthase. Incorporated into RNA and DNA making it unstable with altered fns

A

5-Fluorouracil

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14
Q

Cell cycle specific at S phase.
Can cause oral ulceration (but less than 5-fluorouracil)
Inhibits DNA Pol alpha. Incorporated into DNA making it unstable, chain terminator

A

Cytarabine (cytostar)

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15
Q

Cell cycle non specific

A

Gemcitabine

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16
Q

5-fluorouracil gets metabolized into active agent ___________

A

fDUMP

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17
Q

FDUMP gets further broken down into ______ and ________

A

FUTP and FdUTP

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18
Q

FDUMP directly inhibits _______

A

Thymidylate synthase

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19
Q

Allopurinol inhibits ___________

A

Mercaptopurine

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20
Q

Allopurinol given to people with __________

21
Q

Mercaptopurine is cell cycle specific for _________

22
Q

Adenosine deaminase important for ___________

A

DNA synthesis

23
Q

__________ includes pentostatin, cladribine, and fludarabine

A

Adenosine deaminase inhibitors

24
Q

Inhibits adenosine deaminase directly or via metabolites.

Build up of adenosine metabolites inhibits ____________

A

Adenosine deaminase inhibitors

ribonucleotide reductase

25
Used in hairy cell leukemia, other leukemias and lymphomas
Adenosine deaminase inhibitor
26
Drug of choice for hairy cell leukemia
Cladribine
27
Vincristine, vinblastine, and vinorelbine
Vinca alkaloids
28
Paclitaxel (taxol), docetaxel
Yew alkaloids
29
Blocks polymerization of tubulin. Arrests cells in metaphase. Can cause peripheral neuropathy and alopecia, SIADH.
Vinca alkaloids
30
Blocks depolymerization of tubulin. Stablizes tubulin. Cell arrested in late G2 or M phase. Can cause peripheral neuropathy
Paclitaxel (taxol) and docetaxel
31
Interferon ________ is anti-cancer drug
alpha
32
Inhibits tumor by regulating host immune system. Have direct activity against cancer cells. Cell cycle non specific, slows G1 > S and S >G2 transition
Interferons
33
Ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers are receptive to _______
estrogen
34
Testicular cancer is receptive to ________
androgens
35
Anti-inflammatory properties alter immune responses. Cause apoptosis in leukemia cells. Used for Hodgkin's disease (MOPP), acute leukemias, relapsed hairy cell leukemia lymphomas. Manage hemolytic anemia and hemorrhagic complications of lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Prednisone
36
Used in hormone responsive cancers expressing progesterone receptor
Progestins
37
Used in estrogen receptive breast cancer. Have weak estrogen activity
Tamoxifen, toremefine (anti-estrogens)
38
____________ of antiestrogens is not a steroid
Tamoxifen
39
Blocks androgen-induced growth. Normally combined with leuprolide or other luteinizing hormone releasing agonist. Facilitates total androgen ablation
Anti-androgens
40
Blocks VEGF and prevents angiogenesis
Bevuczimab (avastin)
41
Blocks RANK-RANKL in bone. Used to stop bone metastasis
Denusomab
42
Blocks Her2/c-Neu (same as ERBB)
Trastuzumab (herceptin)
43
Blocks Bcr-Abl kinase
Imatinib
44
Blocks EGFR signaling
Erlotinib | Gefitinb
45
Blocks ALK-1 kinase
Crizotinib
46
Binds to BCL-2 and inhibits its anti-apoptotic activity. Used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Venetoclax
47
PARP-1 inhibitor
Olaparib
48
HDAC (Histone Deacetylase) inhibitors
Vorinostat and romidepsin
49
Mimic endogenous biochemicals required for DNA, RNA synthesis or function of key enzymes
Antimetabolites