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Chemotherapy > Chemotherapy 2 > Flashcards

Chemotherapy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

____________ include methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and 6-mercaptopurine

A

Antimetabolites

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2
Q

Methotrexate mimics _______ and inhibits ________

A

folic acid

dihydrofolate reductase

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3
Q

5-fluorouracil mimics _________

A

pyrimidines

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4
Q

6-mercaptopurine mimics _________

A

purines

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5
Q

Methotrexate, trimetrexate, and pemetrexed are _________

A

Folic acid analogs

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6
Q

Trimetrexate is _________

A

lipid soluble

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7
Q

__________ directly inhibits thymidylate synthase

A

Pemetrexed

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8
Q

Folic acid analogs are cell cycle specific targeting _______ phase

A

S

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9
Q

When methotrexate is in cell there will be _______ amounts of dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate in cell

A

small

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10
Q

Methotrexate combined with dactinomycin has great cure rate for __________

A

Choriocarcinoma

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11
Q

Used for maintenance in ALL children, less active in adult leukemias

A

Methotrexate and Pemetrexed

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12
Q

Minimizes toxic effects of folate depletion in cells. Bypasses metabolic block induced by methotrexate by administering cofactors and does not decrease anti-tumor activity of methotrexate

A

Leucovorin rescue

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13
Q

Cell cycle non specific, but mostly affects G1 and S phases.
Can cause Oral and GI ulcerations. Stop at earliest signs of stomatitis and diarrhea
Causes decreased DNA synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthase. Incorporated into RNA and DNA making it unstable with altered fns

A

5-Fluorouracil

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14
Q

Cell cycle specific at S phase.
Can cause oral ulceration (but less than 5-fluorouracil)
Inhibits DNA Pol alpha. Incorporated into DNA making it unstable, chain terminator

A

Cytarabine (cytostar)

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15
Q

Cell cycle non specific

A

Gemcitabine

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16
Q

5-fluorouracil gets metabolized into active agent ___________

A

fDUMP

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17
Q

FDUMP gets further broken down into ______ and ________

A

FUTP and FdUTP

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18
Q

FDUMP directly inhibits _______

A

Thymidylate synthase

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19
Q

Allopurinol inhibits ___________

A

Mercaptopurine

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20
Q

Allopurinol given to people with __________

A

gout

21
Q

Mercaptopurine is cell cycle specific for _________

A

S phase

22
Q

Adenosine deaminase important for ___________

A

DNA synthesis

23
Q

__________ includes pentostatin, cladribine, and fludarabine

A

Adenosine deaminase inhibitors

24
Q

Inhibits adenosine deaminase directly or via metabolites.

Build up of adenosine metabolites inhibits ____________

A

Adenosine deaminase inhibitors

ribonucleotide reductase

25
Q

Used in hairy cell leukemia, other leukemias and lymphomas

A

Adenosine deaminase inhibitor

26
Q

Drug of choice for hairy cell leukemia

A

Cladribine

27
Q

Vincristine, vinblastine, and vinorelbine

A

Vinca alkaloids

28
Q

Paclitaxel (taxol), docetaxel

A

Yew alkaloids

29
Q

Blocks polymerization of tubulin. Arrests cells in metaphase. Can cause peripheral neuropathy and alopecia, SIADH.

A

Vinca alkaloids

30
Q

Blocks depolymerization of tubulin. Stablizes tubulin. Cell arrested in late G2 or M phase. Can cause peripheral neuropathy

A

Paclitaxel (taxol) and docetaxel

31
Q

Interferon ________ is anti-cancer drug

A

alpha

32
Q

Inhibits tumor by regulating host immune system. Have direct activity against cancer cells. Cell cycle non specific, slows G1 > S and S >G2 transition

A

Interferons

33
Q

Ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers are receptive to _______

A

estrogen

34
Q

Testicular cancer is receptive to ________

A

androgens

35
Q

Anti-inflammatory properties alter immune responses. Cause apoptosis in leukemia cells.
Used for Hodgkin’s disease (MOPP), acute leukemias, relapsed hairy cell leukemia lymphomas.
Manage hemolytic anemia and hemorrhagic complications of lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

Prednisone

36
Q

Used in hormone responsive cancers expressing progesterone receptor

A

Progestins

37
Q

Used in estrogen receptive breast cancer. Have weak estrogen activity

A

Tamoxifen, toremefine (anti-estrogens)

38
Q

____________ of antiestrogens is not a steroid

A

Tamoxifen

39
Q

Blocks androgen-induced growth. Normally combined with leuprolide or other luteinizing hormone releasing agonist. Facilitates total androgen ablation

A

Anti-androgens

40
Q

Blocks VEGF and prevents angiogenesis

A

Bevuczimab (avastin)

41
Q

Blocks RANK-RANKL in bone. Used to stop bone metastasis

A

Denusomab

42
Q

Blocks Her2/c-Neu (same as ERBB)

A

Trastuzumab (herceptin)

43
Q

Blocks Bcr-Abl kinase

A

Imatinib

44
Q

Blocks EGFR signaling

A

Erlotinib

Gefitinb

45
Q

Blocks ALK-1 kinase

A

Crizotinib

46
Q

Binds to BCL-2 and inhibits its anti-apoptotic activity. Used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

Venetoclax

47
Q

PARP-1 inhibitor

A

Olaparib

48
Q

HDAC (Histone Deacetylase) inhibitors

A

Vorinostat and romidepsin

49
Q

Mimic endogenous biochemicals required for DNA, RNA synthesis or function of key enzymes

A

Antimetabolites

Chemotherapy (2 decks)

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