Chemotherapy 2

Question 1

____________ include methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and 6-mercaptopurine

Answer 1

Antimetabolites

Question 2

Methotrexate mimics _______ and inhibits ________

Answer 2

folic acid

dihydrofolate reductase

Question 3

5-fluorouracil mimics _________

Answer 3

pyrimidines

Question 4

6-mercaptopurine mimics _________

Answer 4

purines

Question 5

Methotrexate, trimetrexate, and pemetrexed are _________

Answer 5

Folic acid analogs

Question 6

Trimetrexate is _________

Answer 6

lipid soluble

Question 7

__________ directly inhibits thymidylate synthase

Answer 7

Pemetrexed

Question 8

Folic acid analogs are cell cycle specific targeting _______ phase

Answer 8

S

Question 9

When methotrexate is in cell there will be _______ amounts of dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate in cell

Answer 9

small

Question 10

Methotrexate combined with dactinomycin has great cure rate for __________

Answer 10

Choriocarcinoma

Question 11

Used for maintenance in ALL children, less active in adult leukemias

Answer 11

Methotrexate and Pemetrexed

Question 12

Minimizes toxic effects of folate depletion in cells. Bypasses metabolic block induced by methotrexate by administering cofactors and does not decrease anti-tumor activity of methotrexate

Answer 12

Leucovorin rescue

Question 13

Cell cycle non specific, but mostly affects G1 and S phases.
Can cause Oral and GI ulcerations. Stop at earliest signs of stomatitis and diarrhea
Causes decreased DNA synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthase. Incorporated into RNA and DNA making it unstable with altered fns

Answer 13

5-Fluorouracil

Question 14

Cell cycle specific at S phase.
Can cause oral ulceration (but less than 5-fluorouracil)
Inhibits DNA Pol alpha. Incorporated into DNA making it unstable, chain terminator

Answer 14

Cytarabine (cytostar)

Question 15

Cell cycle non specific

Answer 15

Gemcitabine

Question 16

5-fluorouracil gets metabolized into active agent ___________

Answer 16

fDUMP

Question 17

FDUMP gets further broken down into ______ and ________

Answer 17

FUTP and FdUTP

Question 18

FDUMP directly inhibits _______

Answer 18

Thymidylate synthase

Question 19

Allopurinol inhibits ___________

Answer 19

Mercaptopurine

Question 20

Allopurinol given to people with __________

Answer 20

gout

Question 21

Mercaptopurine is cell cycle specific for _________

Answer 21

S phase

Question 22

Adenosine deaminase important for ___________

Answer 22

DNA synthesis

Question 23

__________ includes pentostatin, cladribine, and fludarabine

Answer 23

Adenosine deaminase inhibitors

Question 24

Inhibits adenosine deaminase directly or via metabolites.

Build up of adenosine metabolites inhibits ____________

Answer 24

Adenosine deaminase inhibitors

ribonucleotide reductase

Question 25

Used in hairy cell leukemia, other leukemias and lymphomas

Answer 25

Adenosine deaminase inhibitor

Question 26

Drug of choice for hairy cell leukemia

Answer 26

Cladribine

Question 27

Vincristine, vinblastine, and vinorelbine

Answer 27

Vinca alkaloids

Question 28

Paclitaxel (taxol), docetaxel

Answer 28

Yew alkaloids

Question 29

Blocks polymerization of tubulin. Arrests cells in metaphase. Can cause peripheral neuropathy and alopecia, SIADH.

Answer 29

Vinca alkaloids

Question 30

Blocks depolymerization of tubulin. Stablizes tubulin. Cell arrested in late G2 or M phase. Can cause peripheral neuropathy

Answer 30

Paclitaxel (taxol) and docetaxel

Question 31

Interferon ________ is anti-cancer drug

Answer 31

alpha

Question 32

Inhibits tumor by regulating host immune system. Have direct activity against cancer cells. Cell cycle non specific, slows G1 > S and S >G2 transition

Answer 32

Interferons

Question 33

Ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers are receptive to _______

Answer 33

estrogen

Question 34

Testicular cancer is receptive to ________

Answer 34

androgens

Question 35

Anti-inflammatory properties alter immune responses. Cause apoptosis in leukemia cells. Used for Hodgkin's disease (MOPP), acute leukemias, relapsed hairy cell leukemia lymphomas. Manage hemolytic anemia and hemorrhagic complications of lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 35

Prednisone

Question 36

Used in hormone responsive cancers expressing progesterone receptor

Answer 36

Progestins

Question 37

Used in estrogen receptive breast cancer. Have weak estrogen activity

Answer 37

Tamoxifen, toremefine (anti-estrogens)

Question 38

____________ of antiestrogens is not a steroid

Answer 38

Tamoxifen

Question 39

Blocks androgen-induced growth. Normally combined with leuprolide or other luteinizing hormone releasing agonist. Facilitates total androgen ablation

Answer 39

Anti-androgens

Question 40

Blocks VEGF and prevents angiogenesis

Answer 40

Bevuczimab (avastin)

Question 41

Blocks RANK-RANKL in bone. Used to stop bone metastasis

Answer 41

Denusomab

Question 42

Blocks Her2/c-Neu (same as ERBB)

Answer 42

Trastuzumab (herceptin)

Question 43

Blocks Bcr-Abl kinase

Answer 43

Imatinib

Question 44

Blocks EGFR signaling

Answer 44

Erlotinib | Gefitinb

Question 45

Blocks ALK-1 kinase

Answer 45

Crizotinib

Question 46

Binds to BCL-2 and inhibits its anti-apoptotic activity. Used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 46

Venetoclax

Question 47

PARP-1 inhibitor

Answer 47

Olaparib

Question 48

HDAC (Histone Deacetylase) inhibitors

Answer 48

Vorinostat and romidepsin

Question 49

Mimic endogenous biochemicals required for DNA, RNA synthesis or function of key enzymes

Answer 49

Antimetabolites