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AFN Pharm I > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Proliferation

A

B-cells making memory only (memory cells)

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2
Q

What is Differentiation

A

B-cells killing, making antibodies and memory

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3
Q

Main mechanism of innate immunity?

A

Inflammation

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4
Q

3 components of innate immunity?

A

-mechanical (skin, mucus)

-biochemical (compliment, free radicals, interferons, etc.)

-Cellular (WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, NKTs)

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5
Q

Steps of innate immunity?

A
  1. compliment attracts phagocytes to infammatory site
  2. compliment form membrane attack complex (lyses bacteria)
  3. compliment opsinization
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6
Q

What is opsonization?

A

-coating a pathogen by the compliment system to “tag” it to allow adaptive immune system to know to attack it. Basically alerts everything to kill the pathogen

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7
Q

T-cells are responsible for ________ immunity

A

Cell mediated

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8
Q

B-cells are responsible for ________ immunity

A

Humoral

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9
Q

What are the 5 antibody complexes?

A

IgE - every

IgM - morning

IgA - abby

IgG - goes

IgD - deadlifting

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10
Q

Example of type I hypersensitivity rx?

A

Anaphylaxis

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11
Q

Tx for type I hypersensitivity rx?

A

Epi

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12
Q

What antibody complex is responsible for type I hypersensitivity rx?

A

IgE

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13
Q

Examples of type II hypersensitivity?

A

-Blood transfusion

-HIT

-Hemolytic reaction in newborn

-Drug allergies

*everything is being attacked

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14
Q

What 2 antibody complexes for type II hypersensitivity rx?

A

IgM

IgG

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15
Q

Examples of type III hypersensitivy rx?

A

-Vasculitis

-arthritis

-glomerulonephritis

*can be caused by vaccines, antivenoms, drugs, etc.

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16
Q

Examples of type IV hypersensivity rx?

A

-poison ivy

-ORGAN REJECTION

-TB

-allergic contact dermatitis

*d/t cytotoxic t-cell, cell mediated exaggerated extreme response

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17
Q

Name the airway joint concerns w/ RA

A

-cryco-arytenoids

-TMJ

-C-spine (atlantoaxial)

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18
Q

Main s/s of lupus

A

Butterfly rash

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19
Q

No ________ in MS pts

A

Spinals

Hypothermia

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20
Q

MS pts have a destruction of _________ in neurons

A

Myelin

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21
Q

Aids/HIV is the result of a depletion of ________ cells

A

CD4 T-helper cells

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22
Q

Main presentation of DiGeorge’s syndrome

A

Low set ears

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23
Q

What is the anesthesia implication for DiGeorge syndrome?

A

Difficult DL d/t underdeveloped chin

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24
Q

In X-linked agammaglobulinemia, __-cells are nonfunctional while __-cells are functional

A

-Bcells nonfunctional

-Tcells functional

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25
Q

In DiGeorge syndrome, __-cells are nonfunctional while __-cells are functional

A

-Tcells nonfunctional

-Bcells functional

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26
Q

In graft vs host, the _______ attacks the _______

A

Organ attacks the host

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27
Q

Calcerine inhibitors block ___-cell activation

A

T-cell

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28
Q

Glucocorticoids are used for what?

A

-asthma

-premedication for blood products or chemotherapy

-1st line immunosuppressive therapy for solid organ tumors & stem cell transplants

29
Q

Cyclosporins can cause higher incedence of _________ and other cancers

A

Lymphoma

30
Q

If pt getting calcineurin inhibitor pre transplant, what labs you gonna check?

A

-chem (K+)

-UA

*nephrotoxic drug class

31
Q

mTOR inhibitors block T-cell __________

A

proliferation

32
Q

What big adverse effect can you get with mTOR and therefore what should be done preop?

A

-Profound bone marrow suppression & Throbocytopenia

*type and cross

33
Q

All pts taking chemo drugs should get a _____ and _____ preop d/t all the antibodies built up in their blood

A

Type & cross

34
Q

Main purpose of MMF (mycophenolate mofetil) drugs

A

Used in transplants to preserve vasculature of new organ

*inhibits purines so you can’t build DNA (so you can’t make new blood vessels)

35
Q

What is Rh0 (D) Immune Globulin (Rhogam) used for?

A

When mom is Rh- and baby is Rh+ to keep mom from building antibodies against Rh+ baby if blood mixing happens

36
Q

When is Rhogam given?

A

-28wk of pregnancy

-24-72hrs after birth

37
Q

Onset of hyperacute organ rejection?

A

hours

38
Q

Onest of accelerated organ rejection?

A

days

39
Q

Onset of acute organ rejection?

A

months

40
Q

Onset of chronic organ rejection?

A

months to years (anytime)

41
Q

What 2 organ rejection types can be reversed?

A

-Acute (months)

-Chronic (months-years)

42
Q

What 2 organ rejection types cannot be reversed?

A

-hyperacute (hrs)

-accelerated (a few days)

43
Q

Pt develops organ rejection in a month after transplant. What is your tx?

A

Give immunosuppressants

44
Q

Pt develops organ rejection in 2 days. What is your tx?

A

None, non-reversible, have to remove organ

45
Q

When are neoadjuvant chemotherapy durgs administered and what is their main goal?

A

Before surg/main tx to shrink tumor and maximum treatment success

46
Q

When is primary induction chemotherapy agents used?

A

In advanced cancers to prolong/improve life. Pallative in nature, not expected to cure

47
Q

When are adjuvant chemotherapy agents used and why?

A

After surgery/tx to make sure secondary tumor doesn’t grow

48
Q

What type of resistance is in the absence of prior drug exposure?

A

Primary resistance

49
Q

What type of resistance occurs after drug exposure?

A

Acquired resistance

50
Q

(t/f) pts can have resistance to single drugs and/or entire drug classes

A

Yep

51
Q

Cancer cells undergo what type of cell division?

A

Mitosis

52
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prevent the reabsorption of what

A

HCO3 (bicarb)

53
Q

What 2 things cause downregulation of immune response (negative feedback)

A

IL-10

IFN-gamma

54
Q

Rx d/t imcompatable ABO transfusion. What type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type II

55
Q

Vasculitis is caused from what hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type III

*antibodies (IgG) get circulated in blood and gets dropped in vasculature and organs and destroys them

56
Q

Which chemotherapy agent most known for causing cardiomyopathy

A

Doxarubicin

57
Q

Chemo pt SOB w/ pulmonary fibrosis. What drug are they taking?

A

Bleomycin

*think bleo bleb in lungs

58
Q

What agent interferes w/ S-phase of cell cycle?

A

Cytarabine

59
Q

Which chemo agent blocks pyrimidines?

A

5-FU

60
Q

G2 phase of cell cycle is effected by what drug?

A

Bleomycin

61
Q

Pt has rejection 3 weeks after transplant. What type of rejection? What do we treat with?

A

Acute

Immunosuppresants

62
Q

1st line tx for preventing chronic allograft vasculopathy in cardiac transplants?

A

Cell cept (Mycophenolate mofetil)

63
Q

Disease that results in failure of immature B-cells to mature and can’t make antibody complexes

A

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

64
Q

What drug causes stomatitis (inflammation of mouth & lips)

A

Methotrexate

65
Q

What drug causes ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity?

A

Cisplastin

66
Q

What drug causes hemmorragic cystitis?

A

Cyclophosphamide

67
Q

What drugs causes peripheral neuropathy?

A

Vincristine & Vinblastine

68
Q

Cytarabine causes ______ ataxia

A

Cerebellar ataxia

AFN Pharm I (7 decks)

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