Chemotherapeutics

Question 1

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 1

Alkylation Agent

Excessive dosing can cause severe myelosuppression and hemorrhagic cystitis

Question 2

Cisplatin

Answer 2

Alkylating Agent that is cytotoxic at all stages of the cell cycle.

Highly emetogenic
Can also cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Question 3

Nitrosourea (Carmustine)

Answer 3

Alkylating Agent that can enter the CNS

Can cause GI symptoms, myelosupression,

Question 4

Procarbazine

Answer 4

Non-classic alkylating agent

High risk for developing a secondary Malignancy

Question 5

Methotrexate

Answer 5

Purine analog
Folic acid analog, binds and inhibits DHFR & TS

Can cause myelosuppression

LEUCOVORIN can be used to reverse folate toxicity.

Question 6

5-FU

Answer 6

Pyrimadine Analog that is not available orally.

Toxicity is severe in patients with lower absent DPD
Causes myelosuppression, GI symptoms,
HAND-FOOT Blistering Syndrome seen with continuous infusion.

Question 7

Capecitabine

Answer 7

Purine analog that IS ORALLY active.
It is a PRo-Pro drug of 5-FU

Also causes HAND-FOOT Syndrome (like 5-FU)
Causes hair loss (Alopecia)

Question 8

Cladribine

Answer 8

Purine analog that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

Causes myelosuppression, Nausea, Vomiting, immunosuppression (CD4 CD8 T cells), Diarrhea

Question 9

6-Meracaptopurine

Answer 9

Purine Antagonist
Inhibits the enzymes of purine synthesis.
Is incorporated into both DNA and RNA

Severe toxicity seen in those with TPMT deficiency or those taking Allopurinol (xanthine Oxidase inhibitor)

Question 10

Vincristine

Answer 10

Natural Product Chemotherapeutic. Vinca Alkaloid.

Causes peripheral Neuropathy, Orthostatic Hypotension, urinary retention, SIADH

Question 11

Paclitaxel

Answer 11

Taxane that ENHANCES Microtubule polymerizaiton

Can cause hypersensitivity reaction, neuropathy, and neurotoxicity.

Question 12

Abraxane

Answer 12

Taxane ENHANCES Microtubule Polymerization

Has decreased toxicity compared to Paclitaxel.

Question 13

Ironotecan

Answer 13

Natural Product Chemo. Prodrug that is converted in the liver.

Causes Serious Diarrhea. Bone marrow suppression.

Question 14

Doxorubicin

Answer 14

Antibiotic - anthracycline

Can lead to cardiotoxicity.

treat toxicity with Dexrazoxane (iron chelators) can reduce cardiotoxicity risks.

Question 15

Bleomycin

Answer 15

Antibiotic that causes G2 arrest through DNA breaks

Pulmonary toxicity

Question 16

Motimycin C

Answer 16

Antibiotic. Acts during all phases of cell cycle.

Can cause Nausea, Vomiting, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome