Chemotherapeutics Flashcards
Alkylating agents
- MOA
- when in cell cycle
- side effects
covalent bonds between DNA strands
throughout cell cycle
NABS - nausea, alopecia, bone marrow suppression, secondary malignancy
Cyclophosphamide
- causes what secondary malignancies
cutaneous SCC
AML
Urothelial carcinoma of bladder
Platinum
- MOA
- when in cell cycle
- side effects
abnormal base pairing and double strand breaks
throughout cell cycle
- CNNN
nausea, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity (including oto), and cold dysaesthesia
Antimetabolite
- when in the cell cycle
- examples
mainly s phase
Methotrexate
- MOA
- side effects
dihydrofolate reductase inhibition and impairs thymidine synthesis
1. MTX induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis
2. hepatotoxicity
5-FU
- MOA
- side effects
- special considerations
thymidylate synthase inhibition impairs nucleoside production
1. Hand - hand and foot syndrome
2. Heart - coronary artery spasm
3. mouth - mucositis
4. diarrhoea
Look out for DPD deficiency (enzyme involved in metabolising 5-FU)
Topoisomerase inhibitors
- types
- where in cell cycle
- side effects
Topo 1i (-tecans)
topo 2i (etoposide, doxorubicin)
Mainly G2
- tecans; diarrhoea
-etoposide; BM suppression
-doxo; cardiomyopathy
Taxanes and vinca alkaloids
- MOA
- side effects
bind microtubules, impair mitosis
Peripheral neuropathy, nausea, myelosuppression
PD1 inhibitors
PDL1 inhibitors
receptor; nivo, pembro
ligand; atezolizumab, durvalumab
Most likely to cause nausea
cisplatin, cyclophosphamide
what is aprepitant?
antiemetic
antagonises neurokinin-1 receptor (the ligand for which is substance p)
Which cancer type is bHCG elevated in?
and AFP
seminoma
non-seminoma
