Chemo drugs Flashcards
Alkylating agents MOA
- non-cell cysle-specific
- insert alkyl groups into DNA/RNA strands, interfering in DNA and RNA replication
Alkylating agents disadvantages
- hepatic toxicity in 6% of patients
- Metabolite (acrolein) renally excreted - can cause sterile hemorrhagic cystitis - give with furosemide
Alkylating agents example
- Cyclophosphamide
- Lomustine
Cyclophosphamide
- Alkylating agent
- part of CHOP for lymphoma
Lomustine
- Alkalating agent
- MCT (alone or with vinblastine) and histiocystic sarcoma, rescue agent for lymphoma
Drugs in CHOP
- C = cyclophosphamide
- H = hydroxydaunorubicin/doxorubicin
- O = oncovin (vincristine)
- P = prednisone/prednisolone
Vinca alkaloids MOA
- cell cycle specific
- microtubule inhibitors that affect the spindle apparatus during mytosis
- metablized in the liver and ecreted in the feces
Vinca alkaloids side effects
- minimally myelosuppressive
- paralytic ileus seen with vincristine
- extravasation-related phlebitis and tissue damage
Vinca alkaloids examples
- vincristine
- vinblastine
- vinorelbine
Vincristine
- vinca alkaloid
- part of CHOP (oncovin)
Vinblastine
- vinca alkaloid
- MCT (+/- with lomustine)
Vinorelbine
- Vinca alkaloid
- rescue agent for lymphoma and MCT
- primary lung tumors
Antitumor antibiotics MOA
- Non-cell cycle specific
- Multiple
- topoisomerase inhibitions, DNA intercalation, formation of iron-mediated free radicals that lead to DNA damage
- metabolized by the liver and eliminated in the feces
Antitumor antibiotics disadvantages
- DCM-like damage with cumulative dosages >180-240mg/m2
- severe vesicant with extravasation
- renal insufficiency in cats
- significant myelosuppression and GI toxicity
Antitumor antibiotics examples
- Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin
- antitumor antibiotic
- lymphoma (part of CHOP), hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma
Platinum agents MOA
- non-cell cycle-specific
- cause covalent binding of DNA strands which restricts DNA replication and therefore protein synthesis
Platinum agents disadvantages
- can cause nephrotoxicity
- cisplatin causes fatal pulmonary edema in cats (cisplatin splats cats)
Platinum agents examples
- carboplatin
- cisplatin
Carboplatin
- platinum agent
- osteosarcoma +/- doxorubicin
- safe to use in cats
Cisplatin
- platinum agent
- osteosarcoma +/- doxorubicin
- Not for use in cats - causes fatal pulmonary edema (cisplatin splats cats)
Bisphosphonates
- inhibits osteoclast activity and suppresses bone resorption leading to improved bone mineralization
- used as a paliative for osteosarc, multiple myeloma, metastatic bone dz
