Chemistry Year 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Periods

A

Across: number of electron shells

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2
Q

Groups

A

Down: number of valence electrons

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3
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element, different number of neutrons in the nucleus

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4
Q

Group 1 elements

A

Alkali metals

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5
Q

Group 2 elements

A

Alkali earth metals

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6
Q

Group 17 elements

A

Halogens

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7
Q

Group 18 elements

A

Noble gases

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8
Q

Mass Number =

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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9
Q

Atomic Number =

A

Number of Protons

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10
Q

Characteristics of metals

A

-Solid at room temperature
-Polished to produce a high shine/lustre
-Good conductors of electricity
-Malleable
-Can be made into a wire; ductile
-Usually melt at high temperatures (mercury is the exception)

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11
Q

Characteristics of Non-Metals

A

-Cannot be polished to produce a shine
-Brittle; shatter when hit
-Cannot be bent into shape; not malleable
-Usually, poor conductors of electricity and heat
-Usually melt at low temperatures
-Many are gases at room temperatures

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12
Q

The number of electrons per shell

A

2n^2

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13
Q

Flame test: ground state

A

Lowest energy state of an atom

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14
Q

Flame test: excited state

A

Highest energy state of an atom

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15
Q

Positively charged ions

A

Cations

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16
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

Anions

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17
Q

Electrostatic attraction

A

The attraction between two oppositely charged bodies

18
Q

Ionic compounds structures

A

-Usually solids at room temperature
-Normally very high melting points, because electrostatic attraction is very strong
-Usually dissolve in water to form aqueous solutions
-Their aqueous solutions normally conduct electricity

19
Q

Covalent bond

A

A shared pair of electrons holding two atoms together

20
Q

Activity series

A

Place elements in decreasing order of reactivity

21
Q

Aqueous solution

A

Solution in which water is the solvent

22
Q

Precipitate

A

Solid product of a chemical reaction that is insoluble in water

23
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

A number that compares the mass of atoms to an agreed mass of carbon-12 isotope

24
Q

Characteristics of alkali metals

A

All react strongly with water to form basic (alkaline) solutions, very reactive metals

25
Characteristics of alkali earth metals
Reactive metals
26
Characteristics of halogens
Brightly coloured elements, non-metals
27
Characteristics of noble gases
Inert, meaning they do not readily react with other substances, because they have a full valence shell
28
Characteristics of transition metal block
Block of metallic elements in the middle of the periodic table
29
Redox reactions
Chemical reactions involving oxidation and reduction; that is, electron transfer
30
OIL
Oxidation is loss
31
RIG
Reduction is gain
32
XY --> X + Y
Decomposition
33
X + Y --> XY
Combination
34
Acid + Base --> Salt + Water
Neutralisation
35
Methane + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water
Combustion
36
Aqueous + Aqueous --> Solid + Aqueous
Precipitation (Double displacement)
37
A + BC --> AC + B
Single Displacement
38
Law of conservation of mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed
39
Atomic radius =
Decrease left to right (have a bigger charge) Increase top to bottom (More valence shells)
40
Isotope (nuclide) notation
Mass number Element Atomic Number Element
41
Ion means
With full valence shell when written is eg. Na+