Chemistry Year 10 Flashcards
Periods
Across: number of electron shells
Groups
Down: number of valence electrons
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element, different number of neutrons in the nucleus
Group 1 elements
Alkali metals
Group 2 elements
Alkali earth metals
Group 17 elements
Halogens
Group 18 elements
Noble gases
Mass Number =
Number of protons and neutrons
Atomic Number =
Number of Protons
Characteristics of metals
-Solid at room temperature
-Polished to produce a high shine/lustre
-Good conductors of electricity
-Malleable
-Can be made into a wire; ductile
-Usually melt at high temperatures (mercury is the exception)
Characteristics of Non-Metals
-Cannot be polished to produce a shine
-Brittle; shatter when hit
-Cannot be bent into shape; not malleable
-Usually, poor conductors of electricity and heat
-Usually melt at low temperatures
-Many are gases at room temperatures
The number of electrons per shell
2n^2
Flame test: ground state
Lowest energy state of an atom
Flame test: excited state
Highest energy state of an atom
Positively charged ions
Cations
Negatively charged ions
Anions
Electrostatic attraction
The attraction between two oppositely charged bodies
Ionic compounds structures
-Usually solids at room temperature
-Normally very high melting points, because electrostatic attraction is very strong
-Usually dissolve in water to form aqueous solutions
-Their aqueous solutions normally conduct electricity
Covalent bond
A shared pair of electrons holding two atoms together
Activity series
Place elements in decreasing order of reactivity
Aqueous solution
Solution in which water is the solvent
Precipitate
Solid product of a chemical reaction that is insoluble in water
Relative atomic mass
A number that compares the mass of atoms to an agreed mass of carbon-12 isotope
Characteristics of alkali metals
All react strongly with water to form basic (alkaline) solutions, very reactive metals