Chemistry Words to Know Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has a mass and a volume
Pure Substance
One type of particle. It can’t be separated by physical means.
ex. heating, filtering
Heterogenous mixture
It has components that are distinctly visible and not uniformly distributed.
ex. Sand + gravel/rock. –Can filter
Homogenous Mixture
Substances are uniformly(evenly)mixed throughout and the different components are not visible. Can separate physically.
ex. heat sugar water to evaporate and separate
Solution
Solutions are homogeneous, or equal throughout, and contain a solute and solvent. As a reminder, the solute is present in less amount than the solvent.
Compound
Two or more element types bounded together.
ex. water-h20 is 2 hydrogens, 1 oxygen
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest unit of a compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Atom
An atom is the basic unit of an element. An atom is a form of matter which may not be further broken down using any chemical means. A typical atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Mass
Mass is the most basic property of matter and it is one of the fundamental quantities. Mass is defined as the amount of matter present in a body.
ex. Mass = Density × Volume
Volume
The amount of space occupied by any three-dimensional solid.
Chemical change
When one substance is transformed into one or more new products via a chemical reaction.
In a chemical change, the number and type of atoms remain constant, but their arrangement is altered.
Most chemical changes are not reversible, except via another chemical reaction.
Physical change
A type of change in which the form of matter is altered but one substance is not transformed into another. The size or shape of matter may be changed, but no chemical reaction occurs.
Kinetic
Relating to the motion of material bodies and the forces and energy associated therewith.
Sublimation
The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state.
Deposition
A phase transition in which matter transitions directly from a gaseous state into a solid state without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Physical properties
A physical property is any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system.
Electron
0.0005485 mass. In the orbitals
Proton
1.00727 mass. In the nucleus
Neutron
1.00866
Metal
a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typically ductile (can be drawn into wires) and malleable (they can be hammered into thin sheets). These properties are the result of the metallic bond between the atoms or molecules of the metal.
Non-metal
a chemical element that generally lacks a predominance of metallic properties; they range from colorless gases (like hydrogen) to shiny and high melting point solids (like boron). The electrons in nonmetals behave differently from those in metals.
Alkali metals
Most reactive metal
Alkaline earth metals
Less reactive than alkali metal
Halogens
Most reactive non-metal
