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GCSE Chemistry > Chemistry: Using Resources > Flashcards

Chemistry: Using Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

what are ceramics

A

non-metal solids with high melting points that aren’t made from carbon based compounds

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2
Q

what are composites

A

substances made up of one material embedded in another

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3
Q

what do the properties of the composite depend on

A

the properties of the materials it is made up of

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4
Q

what two factors affect the properties of polymers

A

how it is made

what it is made up of

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5
Q

what are alloys

A

compounds made up of a metal and another material to give it other properties such as being stronger

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6
Q

what is the alloy bronze made from

A

copper and tin

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7
Q

what is the alloy brass made from

A

copper and zinc

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8
Q

what are gold alloys made from

A

gold and other metals

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9
Q

what are aluminium alloys made from

A

aluminium and other metals

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10
Q

what is corrosion

A

metals react with other substances in the environment and are gradually destroyed

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11
Q

what is rusting

A

the corrosion of ONLY iron

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12
Q

what two substances are needed for iron to rust

A

water and air

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13
Q

what are the four ways iron can be protected form rusting

A

painting/coating with plastic
electroplating
oiling/greasing
galvanisation

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14
Q

how does painting/coating iron with plastic protect against rusting

A

provides a protective outer layer

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15
Q

how does electroplating protect iron against rusting

A

uses electrolysis to reduce metal ions on an iron electrode

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16
Q

how does oiling/greasing protect iron against rusting

A

provides a protective layer and lubricates the object

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17
Q

how does galvanisation protect iron against rusting

A

sacrifices a more reactive metal such as zinc to react with air and water so that the iron doesn’t rust

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18
Q

what two methods are used to extract copper from low grade copper ores

A

bioleaching

phytomining

19
Q

what is bioleaching

A

use bacteria to convert copper ore into soluble copper compounds called leachates then using electrolysis to separate the copper

20
Q

what is phytomining

A

growing plants in soil that contains copper then harvest and burn these plants to obtain the copper

21
Q

what is a life cycle assessment

A

looks at every stage of a product’s life and assesses the impact on the environment

22
Q

what are the four stages of a product’s life cycle

A

getting the raw material
manufacturing and packaging
using product
product disposal

23
Q

what is potable water

A

water that you can drink

24
Q

what are the two main stages of producing potable water

A

filtration

sterilisation

25
Q

what is filtration in production of potable water

A

wire mesh screens out all large insoluble molecules

26
Q

what is sterilisation in production of potable water

A

water is sterilised using chlorine to kill any harmful bacteria and microbes

27
Q

what are the three main stages of waste water treatment

A

screening
aerobic digestion
anaerobic digestion

28
Q

what is screening in the treatment of waste water

A

sewage is screened to remove large insoluble objects

29
Q

what is aerobic digestion in the treatment of waste water

A

air is pumped into the sewage to promote growth of aerobic bacteria to break down any more organic matter including harmful microbes

30
Q

what is anaerobic digestion in the treatment of waste water

A

sludge from the bottom is transferred to large tanks where it is broken down to release methane to be used as a biogas or fertiliser

31
Q

what is the haber process

A

industrial process used to produce ammonia

32
Q

what is the haber process word equation

A

Nitrogen + Hydrogen Ammonia

33
Q

what is the symbol equation for the haber process

A

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

34
Q

what kind of reaction takes place during the haber process

A

reversible

35
Q

what are the two theoretically optimal conditions for the haber process

A

Low temperature

High pressure

36
Q

what are the three actual optimal conditions for the haber process

A

High temperature of 450C
Low Pressure of 200 atmospheres
Iron catalyst

37
Q

why are the actual optimal conditions for the haber process better than the theoretical optimal conditions

A

Catalyst and higher temperature increases rate of reaction. Lower pressure is used so as not to make the process too expensive

38
Q

what is the drawback of using higher temperatures in the haber process

A

decreases the percentage yield

39
Q

what is the first stage of the haber process

A

the reactant gases are passed over the iron catalyst at a high temperature of 450C and pressure of 200 atmospheres

40
Q

what is the second stage of the haber process

A

in a collection area the temperature is cooled so that the ammonia condenses into a liquid but the left over reactant gases don’t separating the two

41
Q

what is ammonia used for

A

producing the fertiliser ammonium nitrate

42
Q

what is the word equation for producing ammonium nitrate

A

Ammonia + Nitric acid —> Ammonium Nitrate

43
Q

what is the symbol equation for producing ammonium nitrate

A

NH3 (aq) + HNO3 (aq) —> NH4NO3 (aq)

44
Q

what is ammonium nitrate used for

A

Fertiliser that provides Nitrogen to soil

GCSE Chemistry (10 decks)

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