Chemistry: Organic Chemistry Flashcards
what are hydrocarbons
compound that is only made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms
what is an alkane
simplest hydrocarbon with the formula CnHn+2
what is fractional distillation
you heat crude oil causing the hydrocarbons to rise and collect at different points
what is cracking (crude oil)
splitting up long chain hydrocarbons into smaller ones
what is an alkene
unsaturated double carbon bond hydrocarbon. CnH2n
what flame do alkenes burn with
smokey flame
what four reactions can happen to alkenes
addition reactions, addition of hydrogen, steam addition, addition with halogens
what is a functional group
group of atoms in a molecule that determine how that molecule typically reacts
what is a homogulous series
group of compounds with same functional group and react in similar ways
what forms when steam reacts with alkene
alcohol
what are polymers
long chain of monomers bonded to each other
what is polymerisation
the process of monomers joining together to form a polymer
what monomers make up addition polymers
unsaturated monomers
what functional groups do alcohols have
OH
what is the formula for alcohol
CnH2n+1OH
what two things can alcohols be used for
solvents and fuels
how can ethanol be made
fermentation
describe fermentation
uses an enzyme in yeast to convert sugars into alcohol and produce CO2
what are the best conditions for fermentation (3 details0
37C temp slightly acidic and anaerobic
what are carboxylic acids
homologous series of compounds that all have the COOH functional group
what is an ester
homologous series with functional group COO
what form to make an ester
alcohol and carboxylic acids
what is the general reaction word equation for esters
alcohol + carboxylic acids –acid catayst–> ester + water
what is condensation polymerisation
polymerisation with monomers that have two functional groups
