chemistry - unit one Flashcards
how many electrons are in a p subshell?
6 electrons
how many electrons are in an f subshell?
14 electrons
how many electrons are in a g subshell?
18 electrons
how many electrons are in a d subshell?
10 electrons
how many electrons are in an s subshell?
2 electrons
what are isotopes?
atoms of the same element but with different masses and numbers of neutrons
what is an ion?
a changed particle when you lose or gain electrons
electronegativity
a measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons to itself
what are the three types of intermolecular forces?
1) temporary induced dipole-dipole interactions (van der waals forces)
2) permanent dipole-dipole interactions
3) hydrogen bonding
what is the weaknest type of intermolecular force?
temporary induced dipoe dipole interactions
what is the strongest type of intermolecular force?
hydrogen bonding
how do induced dipole depend on electrons?
the more electrons = the biigger the force of the induced dipole
what 3 factors impact electronegativity?
1) nuclear charge
2) atomic radiius
3) shielding
how does nuclear charge affect electronegativity?
the more protons = the stronger the attraction between the nucleus and bonding pairs of electrons
how does atomic radius affect electronegativity?
the closer atoms are to the nucleus = the stronger the attraction between the nucleus and bonding pairs of electron
what is ionic bonding?
where an atom of an element loses one or more electron and donates it to an atom of a different element
how does an atom become positively charged?
when it loses an electron
how does an atom become negatively charged?
when it gains an electron
electrostatic attraction
the force experienced by oppositely charged particles, holding those particles strongly together
ionic bond properties:
- high melting point
- high boiling point
- has a giant ionic lattice
what does the strength of the electrostatic force depend on?
- the ionic charge and the ionic radii of the ions
- the more electrons a positive ion has = the more shells it will have = the bigger the ionic radii
- the electrosatic force is stronger when the ionic charge is higjer
what are covalend bonds?
- the bond between non-metals with a shared pair of electrons
- covalent bonds have strong electrostatic attraction between nuclei and electrons
what are lone pairs?
a non-binding pair of electrons
why are metals malleable?
- atoms have layers
- so theyre able to slide over eachother
