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Introduction to Chemistry > chemistry unit 1 > Flashcards

chemistry unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is chemistry?

A

chemistry is the study of matter, the properties

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2
Q

what is matter?

A

matter is anything that takes up matter

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3
Q

what is an atom?

A

smallest building block of matter

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4
Q

what is composition?

A

types of atoms that are present in

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5
Q

what are the different states?

A

Gas, Liquid, and Solids

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6
Q

what is a pure substance?

A

matter that has a fixe

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7
Q

what are intensive properties?

A

independent of the amount of the substance present
example: color, temperature

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8
Q

what are extensive

A

dependent of the amount of substance present
example: mass, volume

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9
Q

what are the states?

A

gas, liquid, solid

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10
Q

what are different types of compositon

A

element, compound, mixture

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11
Q

what are some characteristics of solids

A

have a fixed volume and fixed shape

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12
Q

what are some characteristics of liquids

A

have a fixed volume but their shape can change

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13
Q

what are some characteristics of gases

A

do not have fixed volume or shape

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14
Q

why can gases be compressed

A

because the atoms and molecules have a lot of space between them

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15
Q

what is a diatomic element

A

element that comes in pairs

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16
Q

what are the 7 diatomic elements

A

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, bromine, iodine

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17
Q

what is a mixture

A

combination of two or more substances

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18
Q

what is a homogenous mixture

A

composition of the mixture is the same throughout
example: milk, sweet tea

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19
Q

what is a heterogenous mixture?

A

composition is not uniform throughout
example: cement, fruit cake

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20
Q

what are some separation methods

A

magnet, decant, filtration, distillation, chromatography

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21
Q

what is a physical change?

A

does not alter the composition or identity of a substance
examples: ice melting or water boiling

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22
Q

what are chemical reaction?

A

one substance transforms into another by rearranging the atoms bonded together

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23
Q

what is a chemical change?

A

alters the composition of the substances
example: rust or fire burning wood

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24
Q

what are the characteristics of the scientific method

A

make observations, form hypothesis, perform experimentation

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25
Q

what is an observation

A

descriptions about the characteristics of nature

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26
Q

what is a hypothesis

A

tentative explanation of a set of observations

27
Q

what is scientific law

A

describes how nature behaves

28
Q

what is a theory?

A

attempts to explain why a natural phenomenon occurs

29
Q

who was democritus and what did he do?

A

philosopher who said that matter said matter had tiny indivisible particles called atoms

30
Q

who were plato and aristotle and what did they say

A

Philosophers who said that matter is infinitely divisible

31
Q

who was robert boyle

A
  • relationship between pressure and air
  • first chemist
  • helped create the fields of physics and chemistry
32
Q

who was sir issac newton

A
  • laws of motion and gravity
  • believed atoms made up air
33
Q

who was joseph priestly?

A

discovered oxygen gas
- english clergyman and scientist

34
Q

who was john dalton

A

developed the first atomic theory
- contains 4 postulates

35
Q

what was dalton’s atomic theory

A
  1. ) each element is composed of atoms
  2. ) all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and other properties, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements
  3. ) atoms of an element are not changed into atoms of a different element by chemical reactions
  4. ) compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a compound has the same relative number and kind of atoms
36
Q

what is the law of conservation of mass

A

matter cannot be created or destroyed

37
Q

what is the law of conservation of matter

A

mass cannot be created or destroyed

38
Q

who was antoine lavoiser

A
  • father of modern chemistry
  • discovered role of o2 in combustion
39
Q

what is the law of definite proportions

A

states all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements

40
Q

what is the law of multiple proportions

A

states that elements combine to form compounds in whole number ratios

41
Q

what did cathode rays show scientists

A

cathode rays are deflected by electric or magnetic fields in a way that is consistent with a negative electrical charge

42
Q

who was j.j thompson

A

believed that the cathode ray was composed of tiny particles with an electrical charge
- discovered the electron

43
Q

what were thompsons results

A

determined that the amount of deflection was related to the charge and the mass of the particles
- measure charge to mass ratio of electron

44
Q

what are the behaviors of charge

A
  • 2 charges
  • opposite charge attract
  • like charges repel
45
Q

who was robert milikan

A

measured the charge of an electron in 1909
And discovered the charge of an electron

46
Q

what is the mass of an electron

A

9.10 x 10^-28g

47
Q

what was the plum pudding model?

A

early theory of what the atom looks like they said it was a positive sphere with negative electrons inside it
developed by jj thompson

48
Q

who discovered the three types of radiation

A

ernest rutherford

49
Q

what are the three types of radiation

A

alpha particles, beta particles and

50
Q

explain rutherford’s gold foil experiment

A

rutherford shot alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil and observed the pattern of scatter of the particles
- some alpha particles were deflected at large angles

51
Q

what was rutherford’s nuclear theory?

A
  • most of the atoms mass and the positive charge are in the nucleus
  • most of the volume is empty space where the electrons are dispersed
  • there are as many electrons outside the nucleus as there are protons within the nucleus
52
Q

what are neutrons

A

subatomic particle without a charge
- located inside the nucleus

53
Q

who is sir james chadwick

A

discovered neutrons

54
Q

what is the mass of protons and neutrons

A

1 amu

55
Q

what is the mass of electrons

A

0 amu

56
Q

what is used to identify an element

A

its atomic number

57
Q

what makes up the atomic mass

A

protons and neutrons

58
Q

which subatomic particles are equal

A

the number of protons and the number of electrons

59
Q

what are isotopes

A

atoms of the same element with different masses due to difference in neutrons

60
Q

who found isotopes

A

frederick soddy

61
Q

what is an ion

A

when an atoms loses or gains electrons (transfers electrons)

62
Q

what is a cation

A

ion with positive charge
loses electrons

63
Q

what is an anion

A

ion with a negative charge gains electrons

Introduction to Chemistry (12 decks)

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